接下来讲计算机网络的三个architectural ideas,三个原则:packet switching, layering and encapsulation.
Packet switching
Data is broken down into self-contained packets, which are forwarded hop-by-hop based on the information in the packet header (source and destination address).
每一个switch在forward的时候不记录从src到dst的完整route,只从forward table上寻找下一个hop点,并将它和dst地址发给下一个switch。
A sequence of packets is defined as a “flow”, e.g. datagrams transported in a voice call. A collection of datagrams that belong to the same end-to-end communication, e.g. a TCP connection.
The packets are sent independently, in a discrete, self-contained manner. The switch doesn’t have to know how man