在前面的platform device和platform driver初始化中,我们已经实现了I2C总线驱动(adapter),但是我们的设备驱动还没有实现。如果我们现在要访问I2C设备(比如eeprom),我知道的有三总方法:
(一)i2c-dev操作I2C设备:不用添加设备驱动,用户直接在应用层完成对具体I2C 设备的驱动工作。
(二)sysfs操作I2C设备:需添加设备驱动,通过sys展示出来的文件操作设备(比如/sys/devices/platform/s3c2440-i2c/i2c-0/0-0050/eeprom)
(三)设备节点操作i2C设备:添加设备驱动,为设备驱动创建设备节点,从/dev访问I2C设备(比如/dev/eeprom)
AT24C02芯片在《linux IIC子系统分析(一)——AT24C02芯片简介》已介绍
下面以AT24C02为I2C设备实例,分别实现这三种方法。
用户要在应用程序的dev 目录下看到i2c设备节点,需要内核配置IIC选项:
I2C support-->
I2C device interface
选上该选项之后,内核将会把i2c-dev.c文件编译进内核,同时产生设备节点/dev/i2c/n,它代表一个可操作的适配器。如果不配置I2C device interface,将看不到节点/dev/i2c/n。 view plain
查看include/linux/i2c-dev.h文件,可以看到i2c-dev支持的IOCTL命令。如i2c-dev IOCTL命令
#define I2C_RETRIES 0x0701 /*设置收不到ACK时的重试次数*/
#define I2C_TIMEOUT 0x0702 /* 设置超时时限的jiffies */
#define I2C_SLAVE 0x0703 /*设置从机地址 */
#define I2C_SLAVE_FORCE 0x0706 /* 强制设置从机地址 */
#define I2C_TENBIT 0x0704 /*选择地址位长:=0 for 7bit , != 0 for 10 bit */
#define I2C_FUNCS 0x0705 /*获取适配器支持的功能 */
#define I2C_RDWR 0x0707 /*Combined R/W transfer (one STOP only) */
#define I2C_PEC 0x0708 /* != 0 to use PEC with SMBus */
#define I2C_SMBUS 0x0720 /*SMBus transfer */
co
- /*i2c_test.c
- */
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <linux/types.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <fcntl.h>
- #include <unistd.h>
- #include <sys/types.h>
- #include <sys/ioctl.h>
- #include <errno.h>
- //#include <linux/i2c-dev.h>
- #define I2C_RETRIES 0x070
- #define I2C_TIMEOUT 0x0702
- #define I2C_RDWR 0x0707
- /*********定义struct i2c_rdwr_ioctl_data和struct i2c_msg,要和内核一致*******/
- struct i2c_msg
- {
- unsigned short addr;
- unsigned short flags;
- #define I2C_M_TEN 0x0010
- #define I2C_M_RD 0x0001
- unsigned short len;
- unsigned charchar *buf;
- };
- struct i2c_rdwr_ioctl_data
- {
- struct i2c_msg *msgs;
- int nmsgs;
- /* nmsgs这个数量决定了有多少开始信号,对于“单开始时序”,取1*/
- };
- int main()
- {
- int fd,ret;
- struct i2c_rdwr_ioctl_data e2prom_data;
- fd=open("/dev/i2c/0",O_RDWR);
- if(fd<0)
- {
- perror("open error");
- }
- e2prom_data.nmsgs=2;
- e2prom_data.msgs=(struct i2c_msg*)malloc(e2prom_data.nmsgs*sizeof(struct i2c_msg));
- if(!e2prom_data.msgs)
- {
- perror("malloc error");
- exit(1);
- }
- ioctl(fd,I2C_TIMEOUT,1);
- ioctl(fd,I2C_RETRIES,2);
- /***write data to e2prom**/
- e2prom_data.nmsgs=1;
- (e2prom_data.msgs[0]).len=2;
- (e2prom_data.msgs[0]).addr=0x50;
- (e2prom_data.msgs[0]).flags=0;
- (e2prom_data.msgs[0]).buf=(unsigned char*)malloc(2);
- (e2prom_data.msgs[0]).buf[0]=0x10;
- (e2prom_data.msgs[0]).buf[1]=0x58;
- ret=ioctl(fd,I2C_RDWR,(unsigned long)&e2prom_data);
- if(ret<0)
- {
- perror("ioctl error1");
- }
- sleep(1);
- /******read data from e2prom*******/
- e2prom_data.nmsgs=2;
- (e2prom_data.msgs[0]).len=1;
- (e2prom_data.msgs[0]).addr=0x50;
- (e2prom_data.msgs[0]).flags=0;//write
- (e2prom_data.msgs[0]).buf[0]=0x10;
- (e2prom_data.msgs[1]).len=1;
- (e2prom_data.msgs[1]).addr=0x50;
- (e2prom_data.msgs[1]).flags=I2C_M_RD;//read
- (e2prom_data.msgs[1]).buf=(unsigned char*)malloc(1);
- (e2prom_data.msgs[1]).buf[0]=0;
- ret=ioctl(fd,I2C_RDWR,(unsigned long)&e2prom_data);
- if(ret<0)
- {
- perror("ioctl error2");
- }
- printf("buff[0]=%x\n",(e2prom_data.msgs[1]).buf[0]);
- close(fd);
- return 0;
- }
经测试,可以正常输出:buff[0]=58
从上面的代码中可以看出来,用户直接在应用层通过适配器dev/i2c/0接口操作连接在I2C0总线上的设备。这种操作方式需要对I2C通讯总线以及I2C设备都非常熟悉才能够很好的操作,并且它的可移植性非常的差。对那些非常简单的I2C设备进行简单的操作可以使用这种方法。
上面代码是我自己写的一个测试程序。
如果要在应用层实现对EEPROM设备的所有操作接口函数,友善支臂有提供更好的应用程序。
以下代码为友善支臂提供,以供参考:
24cXX.h
- /***************************************************************************
- copyright : (C) by 2003-2004 Stefano Barbato
- email : stefano@codesink.org
- $Id: 24cXX.h,v 1.6 2004/02/29 11:05:28 tat Exp $
- ***************************************************************************/
- /***************************************************************************
- * *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify *
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by *
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or *
- * (at your option) any later version. *
- * *
- ***************************************************************************/
- #ifndef _24CXX_H_
- #define _24CXX_H_
- #include <linux/i2c-dev.h>
- #include <linux/i2c.h>
- #define EEPROM_TYPE_UNKNOWN 0
- #define EEPROM_TYPE_8BIT_ADDR 1
- #define EEPROM_TYPE_16BIT_ADDR 2
- struct eeprom
- {
- charchar *dev; // device file i.e. /dev/i2c-N
- int addr; // i2c address
- int fd; // file descriptor
- int type; // eeprom type
- };
- /*
- * opens the eeprom device at [dev_fqn] (i.e. /dev/i2c-N) whose address is
- * [addr] and set the eeprom_24c32 [e]
- */
- int eeprom_open(charchar *dev_fqn, int addr, int type, struct eeprom*);
- /*
- * closees the eeprom device [e]
- */
- int eeprom_close(struct eeprom *e);
- /*
- * read and returns the eeprom byte at memory address [mem_addr]
- * Note: eeprom must have been selected by ioctl(fd,I2C_SLAVE,address)
- */
- int eeprom_read_byte(struct eeprom* e, __u16 mem_addr);
- /*
- * read the current byte
- * Note: eeprom must have been selected by ioctl(fd,I2C_SLAVE,address)
- */
- int eeprom_read_current_byte(struct eeprom *e);
- /*
- * writes [data] at memory address [mem_addr]
- * Note: eeprom must have been selected by ioctl(fd,I2C_SLAVE,address)
- */
- int eeprom_write_byte(struct eeprom *e, __u16 mem_addr, __u8 data);
- #endif
24cXX.c
- /***************************************************************************
- copyright : (C) by 2003-2004 Stefano Barbato
- email : stefano@codesink.org
- $Id: 24cXX.h,v 1.6 2004/02/29 11:05:28 tat Exp $
- ***************************************************************************/
- /***************************************************************************
- * *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify *
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by *
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or *
- * (at your option) any later version. *
- * *
- ***************************************************************************/
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <fcntl.h>
- #include <unistd.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <linux/fs.h>
- #include <sys/types.h>
- #include <sys/ioctl.h>
- #include <errno.h>
- #include <assert.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include "24cXX.h"
- static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_access(int file, char read_write, __u8 command,
- int size, union i2c_smbus_data *data)
- {
- struct i2c_smbus_ioctl_data args;
- args.read_write = read_write;
- args.command = command;
- args.size = size;
- args.data = data;
- return ioctl(file,I2C_SMBUS,&args);
- }
- static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_write_quick(int file, __u8 value)
- {
- return i2c_smbus_access(file,value,0,I2C_SMBUS_QUICK,NULL);
- }
- static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_read_byte(int file)
- {
- union i2c_smbus_data data;
- if (i2c_smbus_access(file,I2C_SMBUS_READ,0,I2C_SMBUS_BYTE,&data))
- return -1;
- else
- return 0x0FF & data.byte;
- }
- static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_write_byte(int file, __u8 value)
- {
- return i2c_smbus_access(file,I2C_SMBUS_WRITE,value,
- I2C_SMBUS_BYTE,NULL);
- }
- static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(int file, __u8 command)
- {
- union i2c_smbus_data data;
- if (i2c_smbus_access(file,I2C_SMBUS_READ,command,
- I2C_SMBUS_BYTE_DATA,&data))
- return -1;
- else
- return 0x0FF & data.byte;
- }
- static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_write_byte_data(int file, __u8 command,
- __u8 value)
- {
- union i2c_smbus_data data;
- data.byte = value;
- return i2c_smbus_access(file,I2C_SMBUS_WRITE,command,
- I2C_SMBUS_BYTE_DATA, &data);
- }
- static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_read_word_data(int file, __u8 command)
- {
- union i2c_smbus_data data;
- if (i2c_smbus_access(file,I2C_SMBUS_READ,command,
- I2C_SMBUS_WORD_DATA,&data))
- return -1;
- else
- return 0x0FFFF & data.word;
- }
- static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_write_word_data(int file, __u8 command,
- __u16 value)
- {
- union i2c_smbus_data data;
- data.word = value;
- return i2c_smbus_access(file,I2C_SMBUS_WRITE,command,
- I2C_SMBUS_WORD_DATA, &data);
- }
- static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_process_call(int file, __u8 command, __u16 value)
- {
- union i2c_smbus_data data;
- data.word = value;
- if (i2c_smbus_access(file,I2C_SMBUS_WRITE,command,
- I2C_SMBUS_PROC_CALL,&data))
- return -1;
- else
- return 0x0FFFF & data.word;
- }
- /* Returns the number of read bytes */
- static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_read_block_data(int file, __u8 command,
- __u8 *values)
- {
- union i2c_smbus_data data;
- int i;
- if (i2c_smbus_access(file,I2C_SMBUS_READ,command,
- I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_DATA,&data))
- return -1;
- else {
- for (i = 1; i <= data.block[0]; i++)
- values[i-1] = data.block[i];
- return data.block[0];
- }
- }
- static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_write_block_data(int file, __u8 command,
- __u8 length, __u8 *values)
- {
- union i2c_smbus_data data;
- int i;
- if (length > 32)
- length = 32;
- for (i = 1; i <= length; i++)
- data.block[i] = values[i-1];
- data.block[0] = length;
- return i2c_smbus_access(file,I2C_SMBUS_WRITE,command,
- I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_DATA, &data);
- }
- /* Returns the number of read bytes */
- static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_read_i2c_block_data(int file, __u8 command,
- __u8 *values)
- {
- union i2c_smbus_data data;
- int i;
- if (i2c_smbus_access(file,I2C_SMBUS_READ,command,
- I2C_SMBUS_I2C_BLOCK_DATA,&data))
- return -1;
- else {
- for (i = 1; i <= data.block[0]; i++)
- values[i-1] = data.block[i];
- return data.block[0];
- }
- }
- static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_write_i2c_block_data(int file, __u8 command,
- __u8 length, __u8 *values)
- {
- union i2c_smbus_data data;
- int i;
- if (length > 32)
- length = 32;
- for (i = 1; i <= length; i++)
- data.block[i] = values[i-1];
- data.block[0] = length;
- return i2c_smbus_access(file,I2C_SMBUS_WRITE,command,
- I2C_SMBUS_I2C_BLOCK_DATA, &data);
- }
- /* Returns the number of read bytes */
- static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_block_process_call(int file, __u8 command,
- __u8 length, __u8 *values)
- {
- union i2c_smbus_data data;
- int i;
- if (length > 32)
- length = 32;
- for (i = 1; i <= length; i++)
- data.block[i] = values[i-1];
- data.block[0] = length;
- if (i2c_smbus_access(file,I2C_SMBUS_WRITE,command,
- I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_PROC_CALL,&data))
- return -1;
- else {
- for (i = 1; i <= data.block[0]; i++)
- values[i-1] = data.block[i];
- return data.block[0];
- }
- }
- static int i2c_write_1b(struct eeprom *e, __u8 buf)
- {
- int r;
- // we must simulate a plain I2C byte write with SMBus functions
- r = i2c_smbus_write_byte(e->fd, buf);
- if(r < 0)
- fprintf(stderr, "Error i2c_write_1b: %s\n", strerror(errno));
- usleep(10);
- return r;
- }
- static int i2c_write_2b(struct eeprom *e, __u8 buf[2])
- {
- int r;
- // we must simulate a plain I2C byte write with SMBus functions
- r = i2c_smbus_write_byte_data(e->fd, buf[0], buf[1]);
- if(r < 0)
- fprintf(stderr, "Error i2c_write_2b: %s\n", strerror(errno));
- usleep(10);
- return r;
- }
- static int i2c_write_3b(struct eeprom *e, __u8 buf[3])
- {
- int r;
- // we must simulate a plain I2C byte write with SMBus functions
- // the __u16 data field will be byte swapped by the SMBus protocol
- r = i2c_smbus_write_word_data(e->fd, buf[0], buf[2] << 8 | buf[1]);
- if(r < 0)
- fprintf(stderr, "Error i2c_write_3b: %s\n", strerror(errno));
- usleep(10);
- return r;
- }
- #define CHECK_I2C_FUNC( var, label ) \
- do { if(0 == (var & label)) { \
- fprintf(stderr, "\nError: " \
- #label " function is required. Program halted.\n\n"); \
- exit(1); } \
- } while(0);
- int eeprom_open(charchar *dev_fqn, int addr, int type, struct eeprom* e)
- {
- int funcs, fd, r;
- e->fd = e->addr = 0;
- e->dev = 0;
- fd = open(dev_fqn, O_RDWR);
- if(fd <= 0)
- {
- fprintf(stderr, "Error eeprom_open: %s\n", strerror(errno));
- return -1;
- }
- // get funcs list
- if((r = ioctl(fd, I2C_FUNCS, &funcs) < 0))
- {
- fprintf(stderr, "Error eeprom_open: %s\n", strerror(errno));
- return -1;
- }
- // check for req funcs
- CHECK_I2C_FUNC( funcs, I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_BYTE );
- CHECK_I2C_FUNC( funcs, I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_BYTE );
- CHECK_I2C_FUNC( funcs, I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_BYTE_DATA );
- CHECK_I2C_FUNC( funcs, I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_BYTE_DATA );
- CHECK_I2C_FUNC( funcs, I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_WORD_DATA );
- CHECK_I2C_FUNC( funcs, I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_WORD_DATA );
- // set working device
- if( ( r = ioctl(fd, I2C_SLAVE, addr)) < 0)
- {
- fprintf(stderr, "Error eeprom_open: %s\n", strerror(errno));
- return -1;
- }
- e->fd = fd;
- e->addr = addr;
- e->dev = dev_fqn;
- e->type = type;
- return 0;
- }
- int eeprom_close(struct eeprom *e)
- {
- close(e->fd);
- e->fd = -1;
- e->dev = 0;
- e->type = EEPROM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
- return 0;
- }
- #if 0
- int eeprom_24c32_write_byte(struct eeprom *e, __u16 mem_addr, __u8 data)
- {
- __u8 buf[3] = { (mem_addr >> 8) & 0x00ff, mem_addr & 0x00ff, data };
- return i2c_write_3b(e, buf);
- }
- int eeprom_24c32_read_current_byte(struct eeprom* e)
- {
- ioctl(e->fd, BLKFLSBUF); // clear kernel read buffer
- return i2c_smbus_read_byte(e->fd);
- }
- int eeprom_24c32_read_byte(struct eeprom* e, __u16 mem_addr)
- {
- int r;
- ioctl(e->fd, BLKFLSBUF); // clear kernel read buffer
- __u8 buf[2] = { (mem_addr >> 8) & 0x0ff, mem_addr & 0x0ff };
- r = i2c_write_2b(e, buf);
- if (r < 0)
- return r;
- r = i2c_smbus_read_byte(e->fd);
- return r;
- }
- #endif
- int eeprom_read_current_byte(struct eeprom* e)
- {
- ioctl(e->fd, BLKFLSBUF); // clear kernel read buffer
- return i2c_smbus_read_byte(e->fd);
- }
- int eeprom_read_byte(struct eeprom* e, __u16 mem_addr)
- {
- int r;
- ioctl(e->fd, BLKFLSBUF); // clear kernel read buffer
- if(e->type == EEPROM_TYPE_8BIT_ADDR)
- {
- __u8 buf = mem_addr & 0x0ff;
- r = i2c_write_1b(e, buf);
- } else if(e->type == EEPROM_TYPE_16BIT_ADDR) {
- __u8 buf[2] = { (mem_addr >> 8) & 0x0ff, mem_addr & 0x0ff };
- r = i2c_write_2b(e, buf);
- } else {
- fprintf(stderr, "ERR: unknown eeprom type\n");
- return -1;
- }
- if (r < 0)
- return r;
- r = i2c_smbus_read_byte(e->fd);
- return r;
- }
- int eeprom_write_byte(struct eeprom *e, __u16 mem_addr, __u8 data)
- {
- if(e->type == EEPROM_TYPE_8BIT_ADDR) {
- __u8 buf[2] = { mem_addr & 0x00ff, data };
- return i2c_write_2b(e, buf);
- } else if(e->type == EEPROM_TYPE_16BIT_ADDR) {
- __u8 buf[3] =
- { (mem_addr >> 8) & 0x00ff, mem_addr & 0x00ff, data };
- return i2c_write_3b(e, buf);
- }
- fprintf(stderr, "ERR: unknown eeprom type\n");
- return -1;
- }
copeeprog.c
- /***************************************************************************
- copyright : (C) by 2009 Guangzhou FriendlyaRM, in China
- email : capbily@163.com
- website : http://www.arm9.net
- ***************************************************************************/
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <fcntl.h>
- #include <getopt.h>
- #include <unistd.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <errno.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include <sys/types.h>
- #include <sys/stat.h>
- #include "24cXX.h"
- #define usage_if(a) do { do_usage_if( a , __LINE__); } while(0);
- void do_usage_if(int b, int line)
- {
- const static charchar *eeprog_usage =
- "I2C-24C08(256 bytes) Read/Write Program, ONLY FOR TEST!\n"
- "FriendlyARM Computer Tech. 2009\n";
- if(!b)
- return;
- fprintf(stderr, "%s\n[line %d]\n", eeprog_usage, line);
- exit(1);
- }
- #define die_if(a, msg) do { do_die_if( a , msg, __LINE__); } while(0);
- void do_die_if(int b, char* msg, int line)
- {
- if(!b)
- return;
- fprintf(stderr, "Error at line %d: %s\n", line, msg);
- fprintf(stderr, " sysmsg: %s\n", strerror(errno));
- exit(1);
- }
- static int read_from_eeprom(struct eeprom *e, int addr, int size)
- {
- int ch, i;
- for(i = 0; i < size; ++i, ++addr)
- {
- die_if((ch = eeprom_read_byte(e, addr)) < 0, "read error");
- if( (i % 16) == 0 )
- printf("\n %.4x| ", addr);
- else if( (i % 8) == 0 )
- printf(" ");
- printf("%.2x ", ch);
- fflush(stdout);
- }
- fprintf(stderr, "\n\n");
- return 0;
- }
- static int write_to_eeprom(struct eeprom *e, int addr)
- {
- int i;
- for(i=0, addr=0; i<256; i++, addr++)
- {
- if( (i % 16) == 0 )
- printf("\n %.4x| ", addr);
- else if( (i % 8) == 0 )
- printf(" ");
- printf("%.2x ", i);
- fflush(stdout);
- die_if(eeprom_write_byte(e, addr, i), "write error");
- }
- fprintf(stderr, "\n\n");
- return 0;
- }
- int main(int argc, char** argv)
- {
- struct eeprom e;
- int op;
- op = 0;
- usage_if(argc != 2 || argv[1][0] != '-' || argv[1][2] != '\0');
- op = argv[1][1];
- fprintf(stderr, "Open /dev/i2c/0 with 8bit mode\n");
- die_if(eeprom_open("/dev/i2c/0", 0x50, EEPROM_TYPE_8BIT_ADDR, &e) < 0,
- "unable to open eeprom device file "
- "(check that the file exists and that it's readable)");
- switch(op)
- {
- case 'r':
- fprintf(stderr, " Reading 256 bytes from 0x0\n");
- read_from_eeprom(&e, 0, 256);
- break;
- case 'w':
- fprintf(stderr, " Writing 0x00-0xff into 24C08 \n");
- write_to_eeprom(&e, 0);
- break;
- default:
- usage_if(1);
- exit(1);
- }
- eeprom_close(&e);
- return 0;
- }
Makefile
- CFLAGS= -Wall -O2
- CC=arm-linux-gcc
- i2c: eeprog.o 24cXX.o
- $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o i2c eeprog.o 24cXX.o
- clean:
- rm -f i2c 24cXX.o eeprog.o
说明:
1.分析的内核版本是linux2.6.32.2
2.开发板为友善之臂的mini2440, 用的是ARM9(S3C2440A)处理器
3.链接的IIC设备是EEPROM(AT24C02)
4.按照内核I2C子系统的注册顺序分析。