JDK8新日期类 LocalDate, LocalDateTime,DateTimeFormatter 等 方法及实例(Java)

JDK8新日期类

1. LocalDate 本地日期

1.1.获取LocalDate对象

1.概述:LocalDate是一个不可变的日期时间对象，表示日期，通常被视为年月日
2.获取:
  static LocalDate now()  -> 创建LocalDate对象
  static LocalDate of(int year, int month, int dayOfMonth)  -> 创建LocalDate对象,设置年月日   

public class Demo04LocalDate {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //static LocalDate now()  -> 创建LocalDate对象
        LocalDate localDate = LocalDate.now();
        System.out.println("localDate = " + localDate);
        //static LocalDate of(int year, int month, int dayOfMonth)  -> 创建LocalDate对象,设置年月日
        LocalDate localDate1 = LocalDate.of(2000, 10, 10);
        System.out.println("localDate1 = " + localDate1);
    }
}

1.2.LocalDateTime对象

1.LocalDateTime概述:LocalDateTime是一个不可变的日期时间对象，代表日期时间，通常被视为年 - 月 - 日 - 时 - 分 - 秒。
 
2.获取:
static LocalDateTime now()  创建LocalDateTime对象
static LocalDateTime of(int year, Month month, int dayOfMonth, int hour, int minute, int second) 创建LocalDateTime对象,设置年月日时分秒

public class Demo05LocalDateTime {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //static LocalDateTime now()  创建LocalDateTime对象
        LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.now();
        System.out.println("localDateTime = " + localDateTime);
        //static LocalDateTime of(int year, Month month, int dayOfMonth, int hour, int minute, int second) 创建LocalDateTime对象,设置年月日时分秒
        LocalDateTime localDateTime1 = LocalDateTime.of(2000, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10);
        System.out.println("localDateTime1 = " + localDateTime1);
    }
}

1.3.获取日期字段的方法 : 名字是get开头

int getYear()->获取年份
int getMonthValue()->获取月份
int getDayOfMonth()->获取月中的第几天

private static void get() {
        LocalDate localDate = LocalDate.now();
        //int getYear()->获取年份
        System.out.println(localDate.getYear());
        //int getMonthValue()->获取月份
        System.out.println(localDate.getMonthValue());
        //int getDayOfMonth()->获取月中的第几天
        System.out.println(localDate.getDayOfMonth());
    }

1.4.设置日期字段的方法 : 名字是with开头

LocalDate withYear(int year):设置年份
LocalDate withMonth(int month):设置月份
LocalDate withDayOfMonth(int day):设置月中的天数

    private static void with() {
        LocalDate localDate = LocalDate.now();
        //LocalDate withYear(int year):设置年份
        //LocalDate localDate1 = localDate.withYear(2000);
        //System.out.println(localDate1);

        //LocalDate withMonth(int month):设置月份
        //LocalDate localDate2 = localDate1.withMonth(10);
        //System.out.println("localDate2 = " + localDate2);
        //LocalDate withDayOfMonth(int day):设置月中的天数

        //LocalDate localDate3 = localDate2.withDayOfMonth(10);
        //System.out.println("localDate3 = " + localDate3);

        LocalDate localDate1 = localDate.withYear(2000).withMonth(10).withDayOfMonth(10);
        System.out.println("localDate1 = " + localDate1);
    }

1.5.日期字段偏移

设置日期字段的偏移量,方法名plus开头,向后偏移
设置日期字段的偏移量,方法名minus开头,向前偏移

    /*
      向后偏移 -> plus开头方法
      向前偏移 -> minus开头方法
     */
    private static void plusAndMinus() {
        LocalDate localDate = LocalDate.now();
       // LocalDate localDate1 = localDate.plusYears(1L);
       // System.out.println("localDate1 = " + localDate1);
        LocalDate localDate1 = localDate.minusYears(1L);
        System.out.println("localDate1 = " + localDate1);

    }

2.Period和Duration类

2.1 Period 计算日期之间的偏差

方法:
  static Period between(LocalDate d1,LocalDate d2):计算两个日期之间的差值
  
  getYears()->获取相差的年
  getMonths()->获取相差的月
  getDays()->获取相差的天

    private static void period() {
        LocalDate local1 = LocalDate.of(2022, 12, 12);
        LocalDate local2 = LocalDate.of(2021, 11, 11);

        Period period = Period.between(local2, local1);

        System.out.println(period.getYears());
        System.out.println(period.getMonths());
        System.out.println(period.getDays());
    }

2.2 Duration计算时间之间的偏差

1.static Duration between(Temporal startInclusive, Temporal endExclusive)  -> 计算时间差
2.Temporal : 是一个接口
  实现类:LocalDate LocalDateTime
      
3.参数需要传递 Temporal 的实现类对象, 注意要传递LocalDateTime
  因为Duration计算精确时间偏差,所以需要传递能操作精确时间的 LocalDateTime
      
      
4.利用Dutation获取相差的时分秒 -> to开头
  toDays() :获取相差天数
  toHours(): 获取相差小时
  toMinutes():获取相差分钟
  toMillis():获取相差秒(毫秒)

    private static void duration() {
        LocalDateTime local1 = LocalDateTime.of(2022, 12, 12,12,12,12);
        LocalDateTime local2 = LocalDateTime.of(2021, 11, 11,11,11,11);
        Duration duration = Duration.between(local2, local1);
        System.out.println(duration.toDays());
        System.out.println(duration.toHours());
        System.out.println(duration.toMinutes());
        System.out.println(duration.toMillis());
    }

如果计算年月日 ,就用Period

如果计算时分秒,就用Duration

3.DateTimeFormatter日期格式化类

1.获取:
  static DateTimeFormatter ofPattern(String pattern)   -> 获取对象,指定格式
2.方法:
  String format(TemporalAccessor temporal)-> 将日期对象按照指定的规则转成String 
                TemporalAccessor:接口,子接口有Temporal
                Temporal的实现类:LocalDate LocalDateTime    
                    
  TemporalAccessor parse(CharSequence text)-> 将符合规则的字符串转成日期对象 
                   如果想将TemporalAccessor转成我们常见的LocalDateTime日期对象,就需要用到LocalDateTime中的静态方法:
                   static LocalDateTime from(TemporalAccessor temporal)  

    private static void parse() {
        DateTimeFormatter dtf = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
        String time = "2000-10-10 10:10:10";
        TemporalAccessor temporalAccessor = dtf.parse(time);
        //System.out.println(temporalAccessor);
        LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.from(temporalAccessor);
        System.out.println("localDateTime = " + localDateTime);
    }