C++ Primer 中文第 5 版练习答案 第 8 章 IO库

C++ Primer 中文版（第 5 版）练习解答合集

自己写的解答，如有错误之处，烦请在评论区指正！

---

1 & 2

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

istream& readAndReset(istream& is) {
	string input;
	while (is >> input) {
		cout << input << endl;
	}
	is.clear();
	return is;
}

int main() {
	readAndReset(cin);
	string input;
	cin >> input;
	cout << input;
	return 0;
}

Windows 控制台，第一次输入 Ctrl+Z 后依然可以再读入一个 string ,然后才退出运行。

3

流已经崩溃，或者一个 IO 操作失败了，或者流到达文件结束。

4

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main() {
	string buffer;
	vector<string> output;
	ifstream input("test.cpp");
	while (getline(input, buffer)) {
		output.emplace_back(buffer);
	}
	for (auto s : output) {
		cout << s << endl;
	}
	return 0;
}

5

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main() {
	string buffer;
	vector<string> output;
	ifstream input("test.cpp");
	while (input >> buffer) {	// 相比上一题只修改了这里
		output.emplace_back(buffer);
	}
	for (auto s : output) {
		cout << s << endl;
	}
	return 0;
}

6

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include "Sales_data.h"
using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
//	for (int i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
//		printf("%s\n", argv[i]);
//	}
	if (argc < 2)
		return -1;
	ifstream input(argv[1]);
	Sales_data total;
	if (read(input, total)) {
		Sales_data trans;
		while (read(input, trans)) {
			if (total.isbn() == trans.isbn()) {
				total.combine(trans);
			} else {
				print(cout, total) << endl;
				total = trans;
			}
		}
		print(cout, total) << endl;
	} else {
		cerr << "No data?!" << endl;
	}
	return 0;
}

7

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include "Sales_data.h"
using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
	if (argc < 3) {
		cerr << "Please input two arguments: "
			 << "input filename and output filename." << endl;
		return -1;
	}
	ifstream input(argv[1]);
	ofstream output(argv[2]);
	Sales_data total;
	if (read(input, total)) {
		Sales_data trans;
		while (read(input, trans)) {
			if (total.isbn() == trans.isbn()) {
				total.combine(trans);
			} else {
				print(output, total) << endl;
				total = trans;
			}
		}
		print(output, total) << endl;
	} else {
		cerr << "No data?!" << endl;
	}
	return 0;
}

8

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include "Sales_data.h"
using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
	if (argc < 3) {
		cerr << "Please input two arguments: "
			 << "input filename and output filename." << endl;
		return -1;
	}
	ifstream input(argv[1]);
    // 相比上一题只需要修改这一行
	ofstream output(argv[2], ofstream::app);
	Sales_data total;
	if (read(input, total)) {
		Sales_data trans;
		while (read(input, trans)) {
			if (total.isbn() == trans.isbn()) {
				total.combine(trans);
			} else {
				print(output, total) << endl;
				total = trans;
			}
		}
		print(output, total) << endl;
	} else {
		cerr << "No data?!" << endl;
	}
	return 0;
}

9

#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

istream& readAndReset(istream& is) {
	string input;
	while (is >> input) {
		cout << input << endl;
	}
	is.clear();
	return is;
}

int main() {
	string buffer;
	string str("Hi my name is george.");
	istringstream iss(str);
	while (iss >> buffer) {
		cout << buffer << endl;
	}
	return 0;
}

10

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <sstream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
	if (argc < 2) {
		cerr << "Please input the argument."
			 << "(input filename)" << endl;
		return -1;
	}
	string line, buffer;
	ifstream input(argv[1]);
	vector<string> datas;
	while (getline(input, line)) {
		datas.emplace_back(line);
	}
	for (string data : datas) {
		istringstream iss(data);
		while (iss >> buffer) {
			cout << buffer << endl;
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

11

#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

struct PersonInfo {
	string name;
	vector<string> phones;
};

int main() {
	string line, word;
	vector<PersonInfo> people;
	istringstream record;
	while (getline(cin, line)) {
		PersonInfo info;
		record.str(line);
		record >> info.name;
		while (record >> word)
			info.phones.push_back(word);
		people.push_back(info);
		record.clear();
	}
	for (const auto& person : people) {
		cout << person.name << endl;
		for (const auto& phone : person.phones) {
			cout << phone << endl;
		}
		cout << endl;
	}
	return 0;
}

12

首先，在语法上，vector 和 string 类型都有自己的默认构造函数，所以不给类内初始值没有问题。其次，逻辑上讲每个人的电话号码数量未知，所以最好先默认初始化再修改名字并逐个添加电话号码。

13

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <sstream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

struct PersonInfo {
	string name;
	vector<string> phones;
};

bool valid(string phone) {
	return phone.size() == 11;
}

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
	if (argc < 2) {
		cerr << "Please input the argument."
			 << "(input filename)" << endl;
		return -1;
	}
	string line, word;
	vector<PersonInfo> people;
	istringstream record;
	ifstream input(argv[1]);
	while (getline(input, line)) {
		PersonInfo info;
		record.str(line);
		record >> info.name;
		while (record >> word)
			info.phones.push_back(word);
		people.push_back(info);
		record.clear();
	}
	for (const auto& entry : people) {
		ostringstream formatted, badNums;
		for (const auto &nums : entry.phones) {
			if (!valid(nums)) {
				badNums << " " << nums;
			} else {
				formatted << " " << nums;
			}
		}
		if (badNums.str().empty()) {
			cout << entry.name << " "
			     << formatted.str() << endl;
		} else {
			cerr << "input error: " << entry.name
				 << " invalid number(s) " << badNums.str() << endl;
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

14

auto：在范围 for 语句中使用 auto 关键字，这样就不用关心容器具体是什么类型的，由编译器自行判断

引用：使用引用来避免对每一个字符串进行拷贝，提高程序效率

const：使用引用虽然提高了效率，但同时字符串有可能通过引用被修改，所以将引用设置为常量引用来保证数据安全