20201124 simple_neural_network

 

 

 

 

 

通过交叉熵来判断和目标值的差距，越大，越不准确

 

 

1、简单的神经网络实现手写数字图片识别

 

 

 

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import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data

Flags = tf.app.flags.FLAGS
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_integer("is_train",0, '0,1')

def full_connected():

    # 获取真实数据
    mnist = input_data.read_data_sets("./data/mnist/input_data/", one_hot=True)

    # 建立数据的占位符
    with tf.variable_scope("data"):
        x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, 784])
        y_true = tf.placeholder(tf.int32, [None, 10])

    # 建立一个全连接层的神经网络
    with tf.variable_scope("fc_model"):
        # 随机初始化权重和偏置
        weight = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([784, 10], mean=0.0, stddev=1.0), name='fds')
        bias = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.0, shape=[10]))
        # 预测None个样本的输出结果 matrix   [NOne, 784] * [784, 10]+[10]=[NOne, 10]
        y_predict = tf.matmul(x, weight) + bias

    # 求出所有样本的损失
    with tf.variable_scope("soft_cross"):
        # 求平均交叉熵损失
        loss = tf.reduce_mean(tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(labels=y_true,logits=y_predict))

    # 梯度下降求出损失
    with tf.variable_scope("optimizer"):
        train_op = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(0.1).minimize(loss)

    # 计算准确率
    with tf.variable_scope("acc"):
        equal_list = tf.equal(tf.argmax(y_true, 1), tf.argmax(y_predict, 1))
        accurary = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(equal_list, tf.float32))

    # 收集变量， 单个数字值收集
    tf.summary.scalar('losses', loss)
    tf.summary.scalar('acc', accurary)
    # 高纬变量收集
    tf.summary.histogram('weighs', weight)
    tf.summary.histogram('bias', bias)


    # 定义一个初始化变量的op
    init_op = tf.global_variables_initializer()

    # 合并变量
    merged = tf.summary.merge_all()

    #
    saver = tf.train.Saver()

    # 开启会话
    with tf.Session() as sess:
        # 初始化变量
        sess.run(init_op)
        #建立events文件
        filewrite = tf.summary.FileWriter('./tmp/summary/test/', graph=sess.graph)
        #迭代步数去训练， 更新参数预测
        if Flags.is_train == 1:
            for i in range(200):
                # 取出真实存在的特征值和目标值
                minis_x, mnist_y = mnist.train.next_batch(50)
                # 运行train_op训练
                sess.run(train_op, feed_dict={x:minis_x, y_true:mnist_y})
                # 写入每步训练的值
                summary = sess.run(merged, feed_dict={x:minis_x, y_true:mnist_y})
                filewrite.add_summary(summary, i)
                print('训练第%d步， 准确率：%f'%(i, sess.run(accurary, feed_dict={x:minis_x, y_true:mnist_y})))
            saver.save(sess, './tmp/ckpt/fc_model')
        else:
            # 加载模型
            saver.restore(sess, './tmp/ckpt/fc_model')
            # 预测
            for i in range(100):
                # 每次测试一张图片 [1,0,0,0,0]
                x_test, y_test = mnist.test.next_batch(1)
                # 求最大值
                print('第{0}张图片,手写数字是{1}，'
                      '预测结果{2}'.format(
                    i,
                                       tf.argmax(y_test,1).eval(),
                       tf.argmax(sess.run(y_predict, feed_dict={x:x_test, y_true:y_test}), 1).eval()
                ))
    return None

full_connected()