安卓开发从入门到转业（二） Button控件 TextView控件 ListView控件 GridView控件

怎么又有bug单

已于 2022-05-12 20:01:17 修改

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分类专栏：前端开发文章标签： java 开发语言安卓控件 android

于 2021-11-22 15:06:01 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/GBS20200720/article/details/121471970

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文章目录

Button

按钮如何圆角

在res.drawable下，创建一个xml文件，定义按钮的样式：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle">
    <solid android:color="#ff9900"></solid>
    <corners android:radius="8dp"></corners>

</shape>

shape是按钮的形状 radius是按钮的圆角弧度

在需要圆角按钮的地方，调用

 <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_text01"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:background="@drawable/bg_btn"
        android:text="TextView"
        android:layout_marginTop="200dp"
        android:layout_marginLeft="20dp"
        android:layout_marginRight="20dp">

    </Button>

在background中调用刚刚写的样式文件

按钮增加按压效果

在res.drawable下，创建一个xml文件，定义按钮的样式：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <item android:state_pressed="true">
        <shape>
            <solid android:color="#aa6600"></solid>
            <corners android:radius="10dp"></corners>
        </shape>
    </item>
    <item android:state_pressed="false">
        <shape>
            <solid android:color="#FF9900"></solid>
            <corners android:radius="10dp"></corners>
        </shape>
    </item>

</selector>

标签代表按钮是否被按下去 true代表被按下去，false代表未被按下去

在需要增加按压效果的地方：

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_text02"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:background="@drawable/bg_btn_pressed"
        android:text="TextView"
        android:layout_marginTop="40dp"
        android:layout_marginLeft="20dp"
        android:layout_marginRight="20dp">

    </Button>

调用方式与增加圆角效果一样的

按钮增加点击提示

 buttonText02.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                // 点击后弹出提示
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "hello", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });

在activity代码里添加点击事件即可

注：不只是按钮，基本所有控件都可以设置点击事件

TextView控件

和上面控件一样的

    <EditText
        android:layout_width="200dp"
        android:layout_height="50dp"
        android:textSize="18sp"
        android:textColor="#ffad33"
        android:hint="请输入">

    </EditText>

使用第三方库加载网络图片

依赖

在build.gradle文件中，类似于maven仓库

在dependencies标签下添加需要的依赖即可

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'

android {
    compileSdkVersion 31
    buildToolsVersion "31.0.0"
    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.gbs.myfirstapplication"
        minSdkVersion 15
        targetSdkVersion 31
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"
        testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }
    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
}

dependencies {
    implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
    implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.0.2'
    implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:1.1.3'
    implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.0.0'
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.0'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.1.1'
}

引用

之后在代码中这样引用就好了

Glide.with(mContext).load(imageUrl).into(holder.imageView);

mContext是上下文 imageUrl是网络图片的地址

holder.imageView是图片要塞入的控件

网络权限

在AndroidManifest.xml中添加一行

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>

就可以通过glide获取网络图片了

ListView

ListViewActivity

package com.gbs.myfirstapplication;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;

public class ListViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private String[] data = {"Apple", "Banana", "Orange", "Watermelon", "Pear", "Grape", "Pineapple", "Strawberry", "Cherry", "Mango", "Apple", "Banana", "Orange", "Watermelon", "Pear", "Grape", "Pineapple", "Strawberry", "Cherry", "Mango"};

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_list_view);
        // 数组中的数据无法直接传递给ListView，需要借助适配器来实现
        ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(ListViewActivity.this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, data);
        ListView listview = findViewById(R.id.list_view);
        listview.setAdapter(adapter);
    }
}

activity_list_view.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/list_view"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent">
    </ListView>
</LinearLayout>

GridView

GridViewActivity:

package com.gbs.myfirstapplication;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.GridView;

import com.gbs.myfirstapplication.adapter.MyGridViewAdapter;
import com.gbs.myfirstapplication.bean.ProvinceBean;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class GridViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity {


    private GridView mGridView;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_grid_view);
        mGridView = findViewById(R.id.grid_view);
        mGridView.setAdapter(new MyGridViewAdapter(GridViewActivity.this));
    }
}

layout_gridview_item.xml

定义网格视图中的一个子单元再通过adapter塞入activity_grid_view视图

注意区分layout_gridview_item和activity_grid_view的区别

layout_gridview_item是大的网格视图activity_grid_view的一个子块

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <ImageView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="100dp"
        android:id="@+id/gridimageview01"
        android:layout_gravity="center"
        android:layout_marginTop="10dp"></ImageView>

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="100dp"
        android:id="@+id/gridview_item01"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:textColor="@color/colorPrimaryDark"
        android:textSize="20sp"
        android:text="helloworld"
        android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
        ></TextView>
</LinearLayout>

activity_grid_view

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:padding="15dp"
    tools:context=".GridViewActivity">

    <GridView
        android:id="@+id/grid_view"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:numColumns="3"></GridView>
</LinearLayout>

android:numColumns 指定三列不指定的话默认自适应

MyGridViewAdapter

package com.gbs.myfirstapplication.adapter;

import android.content.Context;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.BaseAdapter;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;

import com.bumptech.glide.Glide;
import com.gbs.myfirstapplication.R;

public class MyGridViewAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
    private Context mContext;
    private LayoutInflater mLayoutInflater;

    private static String imageUrl = "https://gimg2.baidu.com/image_search/src=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mysugoo.com%2Fimg%2F2020032007%2Fylkrsj0yfhr.jpg&refer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mysugoo.com&app=2002&size=f9999,10000&q=a80&n=0&g=0n&fmt=jpeg?sec=1640154811&t=2bbfc3be48db900f2d36655e943032f0";

    public MyGridViewAdapter(Context context){
        mContext = context;
        mLayoutInflater = LayoutInflater.from(mContext);
    }
    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        return 10;
    }

    @Override
    public Object getItem(int position) {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public long getItemId(int position) {
        return 0;
    }

    static class ViewHolder{
        public TextView textView;
        public ImageView imageView;
    }

    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
        ViewHolder holder = null;
        if(convertView == null){
            convertView = mLayoutInflater.inflate(R.layout.layout_gridview_item, null);
            holder = new ViewHolder();
            holder.textView = convertView.findViewById(R.id.gridview_item01);
            holder.imageView = convertView.findViewById(R.id.gridimageview01);
            convertView.setTag(holder);
        }else {
            holder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
        }
        holder.textView.setText("地球");
        Glide.with(mContext).load(imageUrl).into(holder.imageView);

        return convertView;
    }
}

适配器写法相对固定

从子视图中获取到layout_gridview_item 并把视图元素塞入到layout_gridview_item 中返回

再从GridViewActivity把子视图（单个网格）扩展成整个网格视图

怎么又有bug单

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安卓开发从入门到转业（二） Button控件 TextView控件 ListView控件 GridView控件

文章目录Button按钮如何圆角按钮增加按压效果按钮增加点击提示TextView控件使用第三方库加载网络图片依赖引用网络权限ListViewGridViewButton按钮如何圆角在res.drawable下，创建一个xml文件，定义按钮的样式：<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:sha
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