Counting Pixels



Description

Did you know that if you draw a circle that fills the screen on your 1080p high definition display, almost a million pixels are lit? That's a lot of pixels! But do you know exactly how many pixels are lit? Let's find out!

Assume that our display is set on a Cartesian grid where every pixel is a perfect unit square. For example, one pixel occupies the area of a square with corners (0,0) and (1,1). A circle can be drawn by specifying its center in grid coordinates and its radius. On our display, a pixel is lit if any part of is covered by the circle being drawn; pixels whose edge or corner are just touched by the circle, however, are not lit.

Your job is to compute the exact number of pixels that are lit when a circle with a given position and radius is drawn.

Input

The input consists of several test cases, each on a separate line. Each test case consists of three integers, x,y, and r(1≤x,y,r≤1,000,000), specifying respectively the center (x,y) and radius of the circle drawn. Input is followed by a single line with x = y = r = 0, which should not be processed.

Output

For each test case, output on a single line the number of pixels that are lit when the specified circle is drawn.

Assume that the entire circle will fit within the area of the display.

Sample Input

1 1 1
5 2 5
0 0 0

Sample Output

4
88

HINT

#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
main()
{
 long long a,b,r;
 while(scanf("%lld%lld%lld",&a,&b,&r)!=EOF){
  if(a==0&&b==0&&r==0) continue;
  long long sum=0;
  double y;
  for(long long i=0;i<r;i++){
   y=sqrt(r*r-i*i);
   sum+=ceil(y);
  }
  printf("%lld\n",4*sum);
 } 
}

题解：

这里要注意r的范围很大，所以程序中多处用long long 类型（切不可遗漏任一处），另注意ceil的用法及其与floor的比对

#include<stdio.h> #include<math.h>   intmain( void ) { double  number=123.54; double  down,up; down= floor (number); up= ceil (number); printf ( "originalnumber%5.2lf\n" ,number); printf ( "numberroundeddown%5.2lf\n" ,down); printf ( "numberroundedup%5.2lf\n" ,up);   return0; }

运行结果：

1 2 3

originalnumber123.54 numberroundeddown123.00 numberroundedup124.00