Matplotlib是Python的2D&3D绘图库,产生各种已经拷贝格式和交互幻剑中跨平台形式的印刷质量图标。Matplot语法与Matlab相似,绘图绘图功能强大,而且十分容易上手。
“个人永远不能超过集体的力量”(Ken Blanchard)。Python强大的原因之一就在于其开源,有很多优秀的程序员为其提供了丰富的类库。Matplotlib就是其中之一,但他的创始人John D. Hunter英年早逝,在今年8月份死于治疗癌症引起的并发症。向这位优秀的程序员致敬!
安装matplot之前先要安装Numpy。
Numpy也是python的一个扩展包,提供基础的科学计算,包括:
- 强大的N维矩阵对象
- C/C++ 和 Fortran 代码集成工具
- 有用的线性代数、傅立叶转换和随机数生成函数
Numpy的下载地址:
http://scipy.org/Download
Matlabplot的下载地址:
https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib/downloads
也可以从我的csdn资源下载(附有说明文档):
安装都很简单,一路双击就可以~
以下是一个简单的绘制正弦三角函数y=sin(x)的例子。
- # plot a sine wave from 0 to 4pi
- from pylab import *
- x_values = arange(0.0, math.pi * 4, 0.01)
- y_values = sin(x_values)
- plot(x_values, y_values, linewidth=1.0)
- xlabel('x')
- ylabel('sin(x)')
- title('Simple plot')
- grid(True)
- savefig("sin.png")
- show()
pylab的plot函数与matlab很相似,也可以在后面增加属性值,可以用
- help(pylab.plot)
例如用‘r*’,即红色,星形来画图:
- import os
- import math
- import pylab
- y_values = []
- x_values = []
- num = 0.0
- #collect both num and the sine of num in a list
- while num < math.pi * 4:
- y_values.append(math.sin(num))
- x_values.append(num)
- num += 0.1
- pylab.plot(x_values,y_values,'r*')
- pylab.show()
Matplot中可以使用Latex来编辑公式。比如最上面那个Matplotlib的logo,背景的公式就是使用的Latex:
- """
- Thanks to Tony Yu <tsyu80@gmail.com> for the logo design
- """
- import numpy as np
- import matplotlib as mpl
- import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
- import matplotlib.cm as cm
- mpl.rcParams['xtick.labelsize'] = 10
- mpl.rcParams['ytick.labelsize'] = 12
- mpl.rcParams['axes.edgecolor'] = 'gray'
- axalpha = 0.05
- #figcolor = '#EFEFEF'
- figcolor = 'white'
- dpi = 80
- fig = plt.figure(figsize=(6, 1.1),dpi=dpi)
- fig.figurePatch.set_edgecolor(figcolor)
- fig.figurePatch.set_facecolor(figcolor)
- def add_math_background():
- ax = fig.add_axes([0., 0., 1., 1.])
- text = []
- text.append((r"$W^{3\beta}_{\delta_1 \rho_1 \sigma_2} = U^{3\beta}_{\delta_1 \rho_1} + \frac{1}{8 \pi 2} \int^{\alpha_2}_{\alpha_2} d \alpha^\prime_2 \left[\frac{ U^{2\beta}_{\delta_1 \rho_1} - \alpha^\prime_2U^{1\beta}_{\rho_1 \sigma_2} }{U^{0\beta}_{\rho_1 \sigma_2}}\right]$", (0.7, 0.2), 20))
- text.append((r"$\frac{d\rho}{d t} + \rho \vec{v}\cdot\nabla\vec{v} = -\nabla p + \mu\nabla^2 \vec{v} + \rho \vec{g}$",
- (0.35, 0.9), 20))
- text.append((r"$\int_{-\infty}^\infty e^{-x^2}dx=\sqrt{\pi}$",
- (0.15, 0.3), 25))
- #text.append((r"$E = mc^2 = \sqrt{{m_0}^2c^4 + p^2c^2}$",
- # (0.7, 0.42), 30))
- text.append((r"$F_G = G\frac{m_1m_2}{r^2}$",
- (0.85, 0.7), 30))
- for eq, (x, y), size in text:
- ax.text(x, y, eq, ha='center', va='center', color="#11557c", alpha=0.25,
- transform=ax.transAxes, fontsize=size)
- ax.set_axis_off()
- return ax
- def add_matplotlib_text(ax):
- ax.text(0.95, 0.5, 'matplotlib', color='#11557c', fontsize=65,
- ha='right', va='center', alpha=1.0, transform=ax.transAxes)
- def add_polar_bar():
- ax = fig.add_axes([0.025, 0.075, 0.2, 0.85], polar=True)
- ax.axesPatch.set_alpha(axalpha)
- ax.set_axisbelow(True)
- N = 7
- arc = 2. * np.pi
- theta = np.arange(0.0, arc, arc/N)
- radii = 10 * np.array([0.2, 0.6, 0.8, 0.7, 0.4, 0.5, 0.8])
- width = np.pi / 4 * np.array([0.4, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 0.2, 0.5, 0.3])
- bars = ax.bar(theta, radii, width=width, bottom=0.0)
- for r, bar in zip(radii, bars):
- bar.set_facecolor(cm.jet(r/10.))
- bar.set_alpha(0.6)
- for label in ax.get_xticklabels() + ax.get_yticklabels():
- label.set_visible(False)
- for line in ax.get_ygridlines() + ax.get_xgridlines():
- line.set_lw(0.8)
- line.set_alpha(0.9)
- line.set_ls('-')
- line.set_color('0.5')
- ax.set_yticks(np.arange(1, 9, 2))
- ax.set_rmax(9)
- if __name__ == '__main__':
- main_axes = add_math_background()
- add_polar_bar()
- add_matplotlib_text(main_axes)
- plt.show()