Kubernetes支持YAML和JSON格式创建资源对象

Kubernetes支持YAML和JSON格式创建资源对象

JSON格式用于接口之间消息的传递

YAML格式用于配置和管理

YAML是一种简洁的非标记性语言

语法格式：

缩进标识层级关系

不支持制表符缩进，使用空格缩进

通常开头缩进两个空格

字符后缩进一个空格，如冒号，逗号，短横杆等

“—”表示YAML格式，一个文件的开始

“#”表示注释

[root@master1 ~]# kubectl api-versions
admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1beta1
apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1
apiregistration.k8s.io/v1
apiregistration.k8s.io/v1beta1
apps/v1
apps/v1beta1
apps/v1beta2
authentication.k8s.io/v1
authentication.k8s.io/v1beta1
authorization.k8s.io/v1
authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
autoscaling/v1
autoscaling/v2beta1
autoscaling/v2beta2
batch/v1
batch/v1beta1
certificates.k8s.io/v1beta1
coordination.k8s.io/v1beta1
events.k8s.io/v1beta1
extensions/v1beta1
networking.k8s.io/v1
policy/v1beta1
rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
scheduling.k8s.io/v1beta1
storage.k8s.io/v1
storage.k8s.io/v1beta1
v1

[root@master1 ~]# mkdir demo
[root@master1 ~]# cd demo/
[root@master1 demo]# vim nginx-deployment.yaml

apiVersion: apps/v1            #apiVersion是当前配置格式的版本
kind: Deployment               #kind是要创建的资源类型，这里是Deploymnet
metadata:
  name: nginx-deployment
  labels:
    app: nginx
spec:                          #spec部分是该Deployment的规则说明
  replicas: 3                  #relicas指定副本数量，默认为1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  template:                    #template定义Pod的模板，这是配置的重要部分
    metadata:          #metadata定义Pod的元数据，至少要顶一个label，label的key和value可以任意指定
      labels: 
        app: nginx
    spec:              #spec描述的是Pod的规则，此部分定义pod中每一个容器的属性，name和image是必需的
      containers:
       - name: nginx
        image: nginx:1.15.4
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

[root@master1 demo]# kubectl create --help

[root@master1 demo]# kubectl get pods
NAME                              READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-deployment-d55b94fd-gc2xv   1/1     Running   0          11m
nginx-deployment-d55b94fd-wt5g7   1/1     Running   0          11m
nginx-deployment-d55b94fd-xwxsr   1/1     Running   0          11m

[root@master1 demo]# vim nginx-service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: nginx-service
  labels:
    app: nginx
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
  - port: 80
    targetPort: 80
  selector:
    app: nginx


[root@master1 demo]#  kubectl create -f nginx-service.yaml

详解k8s中的port

*port*

port是k8s集群内部访问service的端口，即通过clusterIP: port可以访问到某个service

*nodePort*

nodePort是外部访问k8s集群中service的端口，通过nodeIP: nodePort可以从外部访问到某个service。

*targetPort*

targetPort是pod的端口，从port和nodePort来的流量经过kube-proxy流入到后端pod的targetPort上，最后进入容器。

*containerPort*

containerPort是pod内部容器的端口，targetPort映射到containerPort。

自动测试命令的正确性，并不执行创建

[root@master1 demo]# kubectl run nginx-deployment --image=nginx --port=80 --replicas=3 --dry-run
kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1beta1 is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl create instead.
deployment.apps/nginx-deployment created (dry run)

查看生成yaml格式

[root@master1 demo]# kubectl run nginx-deployment --image=nginx --port=80 --replicas=3 --dry-run -o yaml
kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1beta1 is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl create instead.
apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: null
  labels:
    run: nginx-deployment
  name: nginx-deployment
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      run: nginx-deployment
  strategy: {}
  template:
    metadata:
      creationTimestamp: null
      labels:
        run: nginx-deployment
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: nginx
        name: nginx-deployment
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
        resources: {}
status: {}

查看生成json格式

[root@master1 demo]# kubectl run nginx-deployment --image=nginx --port=80 --replicas=3 --dry-run -o json
kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1beta1 is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl create instead.
{
    "kind": "Deployment",
    "apiVersion": "apps/v1beta1",
    "metadata": {
        "name": "nginx-deployment",
        "creationTimestamp": null,
        "labels": {
            "run": "nginx-deployment"
        }
    },
    "spec": {
        "replicas": 3,
        "selector": {
            "matchLabels": {
                "run": "nginx-deployment"
            }
        },
        "template": {
            "metadata": {
                "creationTimestamp": null,
                "labels": {
                    "run": "nginx-deployment"
                }
            },
            "spec": {
                "containers": [
                    {
                        "name": "nginx-deployment",
                        "image": "nginx",
                        "ports": [
                            {
                                "containerPort": 80
                            }
                        ],
                        "resources": {}
                    }
                ]
            }
        },
        "strategy": {}
    },
    "status": {}
}

[root@master1 demo]# kubectl run nginx-deployment --image=nginx --port=80 --replicas=3 --dry-run -o yaml > my-deployment.yaml
[root@master1 demo]# ls
my-deployment.yaml     nginx-service.yaml
nginx-deployment.yaml

将现有的资源生成模板导出

[root@master1 demo]# kubectl get deployment/nginx-deployment --export -o yaml
#注意名字要写全了deployment/nginx-deployment
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  annotations:
    deployment.kubernetes.io/revision: "1"
  creationTimestamp: null
  generation: 1
  labels:
    app: nginx
  name: nginx-deployment
  selfLink: /apis/extensions/v1beta1/namespaces/default/deployments/nginx-deployment
spec:
  progressDeadlineSeconds: 600
  replicas: 3
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  strategy:
    rollingUpdate:
      maxSurge: 25%
      maxUnavailable: 25%
    type: RollingUpdate
  template:
    metadata:
      creationTimestamp: null
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: nginx:1.15.4
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        name: nginx
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
          protocol: TCP
        resources: {}
        terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
        terminationMessagePolicy: File
      dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
      restartPolicy: Always
      schedulerName: default-scheduler
      securityContext: {}
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
status: {}

保存到文件中

[root@master1 demo]# kubectl get deployment/nginx-deployment --export -o yaml > /opt/my-deploy.yaml

[root@master1 demo]# cd /opt/
[root@master1 opt]# ls
etcd  kubernetes  my-deploy.yaml  rh

查看字段帮助信息

[root@master1 opt]#  kubectl explain pods.spec.containers