测试客户端基于PXE实现自动安装

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-07 16:08:29 发布

Geor_ge_

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-07 16:08:29 发布

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分类专栏：笔记文章标签： linux

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Geor_ge_/article/details/108520381

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1.部署服务机环境

关闭防火墙和selinux
插入centos6，7，8光盘
关闭VMware的DHCP
2.启用HTTP服务

[root@centos7 ~]# echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host0/scan ;echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host1/scan;echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host2/scan    #读取插入的光盘
[root@centos7 ~]# lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0  200G  0 disk 
├─sda1   8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
├─sda2   8:2    0  100G  0 part /
├─sda3   8:3    0    2G  0 part [SWAP]
├─sda4   8:4    0    1K  0 part 
└─sda5   8:5    0   50G  0 part /data
sr0     11:0    1  3.7G  0 rom  
sr1     11:1    1    7G  0 rom  
sr2     11:2    1  4.4G  0 rom  
[root@centos7 ~]# yum -y install httpd;systemctl enable --now httpd   #安装httpd服务，并开启
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.163.com
 * extras: mirrors.163.com
 * updates: mirrors.163.com
[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2020-09-10 08:09:54 CST; 23min ago
     Docs: man:httpd(8)
           man:apachectl(8)
 Main PID: 1126 (httpd)
   Status: "Total requests: 0; Current requests/sec: 0; Current traffic:   0 B/sec"
   CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
           ├─1126 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─1203 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─1204 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─1205 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─1210 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           └─1212 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

Sep 10 08:09:51 centos7.magedu.org systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
Sep 10 08:09:54 centos7.magedu.org systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
[root@centos7 ~]# mkdir -pv /var/www/html/centos/{8,7,6}/os/x86_64/  #在httpd服务器上创建6,7,8相应的文件
[root@centos7 ~]# tree /var/www/html
/var/www/html
└── centos
    ├── 6
    │   └── os
    │       └── x86_64
    ├── 7
    │   └── os
    │       └── x86_64
    └── 8
        └── os
            └── x86_64

10 directories, 0 files
#将对应的光盘挂载到httpd服务器文件上
[root@centos7 ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /var/www/html/centos/6/os/x86_64
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@centos7 ~]# mount /dev/sr2 /var/www/html/centos/7/os/x86_64
mount: /dev/sr2 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@centos7 ~]# mount /dev/sr1 /var/www/html/centos/8/os/x86_64
mount: /dev/sr1 is write-protected, mounting read-only

3.创建kickstart应答文件
创建centos8的kickstart应答文件

[root@centos ~]#vim /etc/yum.repos.d/***.repo
[development]      #把原来"[]"内的内容改成development，其它不变
[root@centos7 ~]# yum -y install system-config-kickstart
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
[root@centos7 ~]# system-config-kickstart 
/usr/share/system-config-kickstart/kickstartGui.py:104: GtkWarning: GtkSpinButton: setting an adjustment with non-zero page size is deprecated
  xml = gtk.glade.XML ("/usr/share/system-config-kickstart/system-config-kickstart.glade", domain="system-config-kickstart")
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks

在这里插入图片描述

[root@centos7 ~]# mkdir /var/www/html/ksdir   #创建应答文件夹
[root@centos7 ~]# cp ks8.cfg /var/www/html/ksdir/   #把生成好的应答文件拷贝到httpd服务器上

centos7准备kickstart文件

[root@centos7 ~]# vim /var/www/html/ksdir/ks7.cfg
#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
#version=DEVEL
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Keyboard layouts
keyboard 'us'
# Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$f0OOktfs$ZFjz9pvGPbsruDl3W9GdG/
# System language
lang en_US
# System authorization information
auth  --useshadow  --passalgo=sha512
# Use text mode install
text
firstboot --disable
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled


# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# Network information
network  --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0
# Reboot after installation
reboot
# System timezone
timezone Asia/Shanghai
# Use network installation
url --url="http://10.0.0.130/centos/7/os/x86_64/"
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --append="net.ifnames=0" --location=mbr
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Disk partitioning information
part / --fstype="xfs" --size=100000
part /boot --fstype="xfs" --size=1000
part swap --fstype="swap" --size=2048

%post
mkdir -pv /etc/yum.repos.d/backup
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/backup
cat > etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo <<EOF
[BaseOS]
name=base
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[epel]
name=epel
baseurl=https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/epel/\$releasever/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/\$releasever/\$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
EOF
yum clean all
yum makecache

useradd hu
echo 123456 |passwd --stdin hu

mkdir /root/.ssh -m 700
cat > /root/.ssh/authorized_keys <<EOF
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDL1KEP4C1YCiok1UeKv5oSQnGoNZH0HysOKI+HALmWWARcUhqiSjv0LrGRQGPPUVvfV/zuWBXdnq4MI1+OV3lre1Qf8uZylrF78BLHnxFbwYMK6kMlrUqC9PRyb5ILawysvqEJ1UDTjo4Qg9950JpLueFmlTvun/ZzMfD6+7Ikj22QM3CG2M/PlEWLz+Afz5+fKfUTV5LK9nOpsWh+XyYqujYoniZEH2dKVuz/rfSybRu2oZbAhRQEUXImmV27xuD1a7Ar8nFON+6cB6YIGHZEqRdoI3f3pjXtsS+1uV80O7UwK0QaQiMKdIb/Uy4vef0ya9G8FUTCI2DPilWO95wX root@Centos	 	
EOF
chmod 600 /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
%end

%packages
@web-server

%end

centos6准备kickstart文件

[root@centos7 ~]# vim /var/www/html/ksdir/ks6.cfg
install
text
reboot
url --url=http://10.0.0.130/centos/6/os/x86_64/
lang en_US.UTF-8
keyboard us
network --onboot yes --device eth0 --bootproto dhcp  --noipv6
rootpw  --iscrypted $1$f0OOktfs$ZFjz9pvGPbsruDl3W9GdG/
firewall --disabled
authconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
selinux --disabled
timezone Asia/Shanghai
bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet"
zerombr
clearpart --all --initlabel
part /boot --fstype=ext4 --size=1024
part / --fstype=ext4 --size=50000
part /data --fstype=ext4 --size=30000
part swap --size=2048
%packages
@web-server
%end

%post
mkdir -pv /etc/yum.repos.d/backup
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/backup
cat > etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo <<EOF
[BaseOS]
name=base
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[epel]
name=epel
baseurl=https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/epel/\$releasever/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/\$releasever/\$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
EOF
yum clean all
yum makecache

useradd hu
echo 123456 |passwd --stdin hu

mkdir /root/.ssh -m 700
cat > /root/.ssh/authorized_keys <<EOF
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDL1KEP4C1YCiok1UeKv5oSQnGoNZH0HysOKI+HALmWWARcUhqiSjv0LrGRQGPPUVvfV/zuWBXdnq4MI1+OV3lre1Qf8uZylrF78BLHnxFbwYMK6kMlrUqC9PRyb5ILawysvqEJ1UDTjo4Qg9950JpLueFmlTvun/ZzMfD6+7Ikj22QM3CG2M/PlEWLz+Afz5+fKfUTV5LK9nOpsWh+XyYqujYoniZEH2dKVuz/rfSybRu2oZbAhRQEUXImmV27xuD1a7Ar8nFON+6cB6YIGHZEqRdoI3f3pjXtsS+1uV80O7UwK0QaQiMKdIb/Uy4vef0ya9G8FUTCI2DPilWO95wX root@Centos	 	
EOF
chmod 600 /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
%end

3.DHCP服务

[root@centos7 ~]# yum -y install dhcp
[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl enable --now dhcpd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/dhcpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/dhcpd.service.
Job for dhcpd.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status dhcpd.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
[root@centos7 ~]# cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.2.5/dhcpd.conf.example /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf 
cp: overwrite ‘/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf’? y
[root@centos7 ~]# cat /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf   #DHCP配置文件格式
# dhcpd.conf
#
# Sample configuration file for ISC dhcpd
#

# option definitions common to all supported networks...
option domain-name "example.org";
option domain-name-servers 180.76.76.76, 223.5.5.5;

default-lease-time 86400;
max-lease-time 172800;

# Use this to enble / disable dynamic dns updates globally.
#ddns-update-style none;

# If this DHCP server is the official DHCP server for the local
# network, the authoritative directive should be uncommented.
#authoritative;

# Use this to send dhcp log messages to a different log file (you also
# have to hack syslog.conf to complete the redirection).
log-facility local7;

# No service will be given on this subnet, but declaring it helps the 
# DHCP server to understand the network topology.

subnet 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
   range 10.0.0.20 10.0.0.100;
   range 10.0.0.150 10.0.0.200;
   option routers 10.0.0.2;
   next-server 10.0.0.130;     #本机地址，TFTP服务器地址
   filename "pxelinux.0";	  #bootloader启动文件的名称
}

# This is a very basic subnet declaration.

#subnet 10.254.239.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 {
#  range 10.254.239.10 10.254.239.20;
#  option routers rtr-239-0-1.example.org, rtr-239-0-2.example.org;
#}

# This declaration allows BOOTP clients to get dynamic addresses,
# which we don't really recommend.

#subnet 10.254.239.32 netmask 255.255.255.224 {
#  range dynamic-bootp 10.254.239.40 10.254.239.60;
#  option broadcast-address 10.254.239.31;
#  option routers rtr-239-32-1.example.org;
#}

# A slightly different configuration for an internal subnet.
#subnet 10.5.5.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 {
#  range 10.5.5.26 10.5.5.30;
#  option domain-name-servers ns1.internal.example.org;
#  option domain-name "internal.example.org";
#  option routers 10.5.5.1;
#  option broadcast-address 10.5.5.31;
#  default-lease-time 600;
#  max-lease-time 7200;
#}

# Hosts which require special configuration options can be listed in
# host statements.   If no address is specified, the address will be
# allocated dynamically (if possible), but the host-specific information
# will still come from the host declaration.

#host passacaglia {
#  hardware ethernet 0:0:c0:5d:bd:95;
#  filename "vmunix.passacaglia";
#  server-name "toccata.fugue.com";
#}

# Fixed IP addresses can also be specified for hosts.   These addresses
# should not also be listed as being available for dynamic assignment.
# Hosts for which fixed IP addresses have been specified can boot using
# BOOTP or DHCP.   Hosts for which no fixed address is specified can only
# be booted with DHCP, unless there is an address range on the subnet
# to which a BOOTP client is connected which has the dynamic-bootp flag
# set.
#host fantasia {
#  hardware ethernet 08:00:07:26:c0:a5;
#  fixed-address fantasia.fugue.com;
#}

# You can declare a class of clients and then do address allocation
# based on that.   The example below shows a case where all clients
# in a certain class get addresses on the 10.17.224/24 subnet, and all
# other clients get addresses on the 10.0.29/24 subnet.

#class "foo" {
#  match if substring (option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 4) = "SUNW";
#}

#shared-network 224-29 {
#  subnet 10.17.224.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
#    option routers rtr-224.example.org;
#  }
#  subnet 10.0.29.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
#    option routers rtr-29.example.org;
#  }
#  pool {
#    allow members of "foo";
#    range 10.17.224.10 10.17.224.250;
#  }
#  pool {
#    deny members of "foo";
#    range 10.0.29.10 10.0.29.230;
#  }
#}
[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl enable --now dhcpd    #修改配置文件后成功启用DHCP
[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl restart dhcpd    #修改配置文件后重启服务

#DHCP配置文件添加下面参数指定MAC地址分配IP
host test {
  hardware ethernet $MAC;
  fixed-address $IP;
}

4.TFTP服务

[root@centos7 ~]# yum -y install tftp-server
[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl enable --now tftp
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/tftp.socket to /usr/lib/systemd/system/tftp.socket.
[root@centos7 ~]# cd /var/lib/tftpboot/
[root@centos7 tftpboot]# yum provides */pxelinux.0
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * development: mirrors.163.com
 * extras: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
 * updates: mirrors.163.com
development/7/x86_64/filelists_db                                                     | 7.1 MB  00:00:45     
syslinux-4.05-15.el7.x86_64 : Simple kernel loader which boots from a FAT filesystem
Repo        : development
Matched from:
Filename    : /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0



syslinux-tftpboot-4.05-15.el7.noarch : SYSLINUX modules in /var/lib/tftpboot, available for network booting
Repo        : development
Matched from:
Filename    : /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
[root@centos7 ~]# yum -y install syslinux
[root@centos7 tftpboot]# rpm -ql syslinux|grep pxelinux.0
/usr/share/syslinux/gpxelinux.0
/usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0
[root@centos7 tftpboot]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 .
[root@centos7 tftpboot]# ls
pxelinux.0
[root@centos7 tftpboot]# pwd
/var/lib/tftpboot
[root@centos7 tftpboot]# cd /var/www/html/centos/8/os/x86_64/
AppStream/ BaseOS/    EFI/       images/    isolinux/  
[root@centos7 tftpboot]# cd /var/www/html/centos/8/os/x86_64/isolinux/
[root@centos7 isolinux]# ls
boot.cat  grub.conf   isolinux.bin  ldlinux.c32   libutil.c32  splash.png  vesamenu.c32
boot.msg  initrd.img  isolinux.cfg  libcom32.c32  memtest      TRANS.TBL   vmlinuz
[root@centos7 isolinux]# cp ldlinux.c32 libcom32.c32 libutil.c32 /var/lib/tftpboot
[root@centos7 isolinux]# cd /var/lib/tftpboot
[root@centos7 tftpboot]# mkdir pxelinux.cfg
[root@centos7 tftpboot]# ls /data/iso/isolinux/
boot.cat  grub.conf   isolinux.bin  ldlinux.c32   libutil.c32  splash.png  vesamenu.c32
boot.msg  initrd.img  isolinux.cfg  libcom32.c32  memtest      TRANS.TBL   vmlinuz
[root@centos7 tftpboot]# cp /data/iso/isolinux/isolinux.cfg pxelinux.cfg/default
[root@centos7 tftpboot]# cat pxelinux.cfg/default 
default menu.c32
timeout 600

menu title CentOS Linux 6 7 8

label linux
  menu label Auto Install CentOS Linux ^8
  kernel centos8/vmlinuz
  append initrd=centos8/initrd.img ks=http://10.0.0.130/ksdir/ks8.cfg

label linux
  menu label Auto Install CentOS Linux ^7
  kernel centos7/vmlinuz
  append initrd=centos7/initrd.img ks=http://10.0.0.130/ksdir/ks7.cfg

label linux
  menu label Auto Install CentOS Linux ^6
  kernel centos6/vmlinuz
  append initrd=centos6/initrd.img ks=http://10.0.0.130/ksdir/ks6.cfg


label rescue
  menu label ^Rescue a CentOS8 Linux system
  kernel centos8/vmlinuz
  append initrd=centos8/initrd.img inst.repo=http://10.0.0.130/centos/8/os/x86_64/ rescue

label rescue
  menu label ^Rescue a CentOS7 Linux system
  kernel centos7/vmlinuz
  append initrd=centos7/initrd.img inst.repo=http://10.0.0.130/centos/7/os/x86_64/ rescue

label rescue
  menu label ^Rescue a CentOS6 Linux system
  kernel centos6/vmlinuz
  append initrd=centos6/initrd.img inst.repo=http://10.0.0.130/centos/6/os/x86_64/ rescue


label local
  menu default
  menu label Boot from ^local drive
  localboot 0xffff
  [root@centos7 tftpboot]# cp /var/www/html/centos/6/os/x86_64/isolinux/initrd.img centos6
[root@centos7 tftpboot]# cp /var/www/html/centos/6/os/x86_64/isolinux/vmlinuz centos6
[root@centos7 tftpboot]# cp /var/www/html/centos/7/os/x86_64/isolinux/vmlinuz centos7
[root@centos7 tftpboot]# cp /var/www/html/centos/7/os/x86_64/isolinux/initrd.img centos7
[root@centos7 tftpboot]# cp /var/www/html/centos/8/os/x86_64/isolinux/initrd.img centos8
[root@centos7 tftpboot]# cp /var/www/html/centos/8/os/x86_64/isolinux/vmlinuz centos8
[root@centos7 tftpboot]# tree
.
├── centos6
│   ├── initrd.img
│   └── vmlinuz
├── centos7
│   ├── initrd.img
│   └── vmlinuz
├── centos8
│   ├── initrd.img
│   └── vmlinuz
├── ldlinux.c32
├── libcom32.c32
├── libutil.c32
├── menu.c32
├── pxelinux.0
└── pxelinux.cfg
    └── default

4 directories, 12 files

到这里准备工作都结束了，开始安装

5.安装系统
启动系统按esc进入Boot Menu，选择4
在这里插入图片描述
3台虚拟机分别安装6,7，8

安装完成！

Geor_ge_

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测试客户端基于PXE实现自动安装

1.部署服务机环境关闭防火墙和selinux插入centos6，7，8光盘关闭VMware的DHCP2.启用HTTP服务[root@centos7 ~]# echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host0/scan ;echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host1/scan;echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host2/scan #读取插入的光盘[root@cent
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