Section 12 GUI

GUI

Animation:

x and y are coordinates.

public class GUI {
	JFrame frame;
	JButton button;
	MyPanel myPanel;
	int x = 60;
	int y = 60;
	public GUI() {
		//Make a frame
		frame = new JFrame();
		frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
		frame.setSize(300,300);
		frame.setVisible(true);
		// Make a button
		button = new JButton("Click me");
		button.addActionListener(new ButtonListener());
		// Make a panel
		myPanel = new MyPanel();
		// Add the button to the frame
		frame.getContentPane().add(BorderLayout.SOUTH, button);
		frame.getContentPane().add(BorderLayout.CENTER, myPanel);
	}

	public void go() {
		for(int i = 0; i < 130; i++) {
			x++;
			y++;
			myPanel.repaint();
			try {
				Thread.sleep(100);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		GUI gui = new GUI();
		gui.go();
	}

	class ButtonListener implements ActionListener {
		private ButtonListener(){}
		@Override
		public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
			button.setText("You've clicked!");
		}
	}

	class MyPanel extends JPanel {
		@Override
		protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
		//Clear the whole panel
		g.setColor(Color.white);
		g.fillRect(0, 0, this.getWidth(), this.getHeight());
		//Move the oval
		g.setColor(Color.orange);
		g.fillOval(x, y, 40, 40);
		}
	}
}

内部类可以用private constructor来保护。否则可以使用.来new

Call-back:

对于Button Event有兴趣的Object向Button注册（addActionListener）. 这样Button就有了这个Object的reference。

当Button Event发生时，Button会调用注册列表里每个有兴趣Object的actionPerformed方法(Call-back)。 这其实是Observer Pattern。

Listener:

1. Implement the interface (event handling)。 ActionListener Interface, actionPerformed method.

2. register with the button

Event source:

1. Accept registrations (add listeners)

2. Get event

3. Call the listener's event-handling method.

Event Object:

Argument to the event call-back method, carrying data about the event.

Interface is the bridge between the button and listener.

Inner Class （内部类）: 

       静态内部类static inner class (also called nested class)
　　成员内部类member inner class
　　局部内部类local inner class
　　匿名内部类anonymous inner class

1. 静态内部类：

静态内部类可以只能访问外部类的静态成员和静态方法

class Inner {
	    private static int staticVar = 4;
	    private static String staticMethod() {
	    	return "static method";
	    }
	    // 静态内部类
	    static class StaticInner {
	        public void test() {
	            staticMethod();
	            System.out.println(staticVar);
	        }
	    }
	}
public class InnerTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Inner.StaticInner innerStatic = new Inner.StaticInner();
        innerStatic.test();
    }
}

2. 成员内部类

class MemberInner {
    private int d = 1;
    private int a = 2;

    // 定义一个成员内部类
    public class Inner2 {
        private int a = 8;

        public void doSomething() {
            // 直接访问外部类对象
            System.out.println(d);
            // 访问外部类重名成员
            System.out.println(MemberInner.this.a);
            // 访问内部类成员
            System.out.println(a);
            
        }
    }
}
public class MemberInnerClassTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 创建成员内部类的对象
        // 需要先创建外部类的实例
        MemberInner.Inner2 inner = new MemberInner().new Inner2();
        inner.doSomething();
    }
}

</pre>3. 局部内部类</p><p>定义在方法里的类</p><p><pre name="code" class="java">class LocalInner {
    int a = 1;

    public void doSomething() {
        int b = 2;
        // 定义一个局部内部类
        class Inner3 {
            public void test() {
		// 访问外部类成员
                System.out.println(a);
		// 访问方法局部变量
                System.out.println(b);
            }
        }

        // 创建局部内部类的实例并调用方法
        new Inner3().test();
    }
}

public class LocalInnerClassTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 创建外部类对象
        LocalInner inner = new LocalInner();
        // 调用外部类的方法
        inner.doSomething();
    }
}

4. 匿名内部类

匿名内部类隐式地继承了一个父类或者实现了一个接口

button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ev) {
      //do something
  }
});