一、Python的简介
1、一种跨平台的计算机程序设计语言:把你的想法告诉我,我再以计算机认识的方式告诉计算机,我们是你们之间交流的工具
2、一种解释型语言:我在开发过程中是没有编译这个环节的,这一点我与Java不一样
3、一种交互式语言:你可以在我的提示符>>>后直接执行代码
4、面向对象语言:在我的世界里一切皆对象
5、初学者最好的语言:对于初级程序员而言,我是非常伟大的,我支持广泛的应用程序开发,从简单的文字处理到WWW浏览器再到游戏,我无所不能
二、搭建Python开发环境
1、安装Python解释器
https://www.python.org/ 官网
https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-381/
2、相关程序介绍
三、第三方开发环境PyCharm的下载与安装
1、网站:
https://www.runoob.com/w3cnote/pycharm-windows-install.html
2、注意:
profession企业版(收费);community社区版(免费30天)
3、激活码:
PyCharm激活2024
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4、设置Python文件模板
四、print()函数
1、 print()函数可以输出哪些内容?
(1)print()函数输出的内容可以是数字
(2)print()函数输出的内容可以是字符串
(3)print()函数输出的内容可以是含有运算符的表达式
#可以输出数字
print(520)
print(98.5)
#可以输出字符串
print('helloworld')
print("helloworld")
#含有运算符的表达式
print(3+1)
2、print()函数可以将内容输出的目的地
(1)显示器(2)文件
#将数据输出文件中 ,注意点,1,所指定的盘符在存在,2.使用file= fp
fp=open('D:/text.txt','a+') #a+如果文件不存在就创建,存在就在文件内容的后面继续追加
print('helloworld',file=fp)
fp.close()
3、print()函数的输出形式
(1)换行(2)不换行
#不进行换行输出(输出内容在一行当中)
print('hello','world','Python')
五、转义字符
1、什么是转义字符呢?
就是反斜杠+想要实现的转义功能首字母。
2、为什么需要转义字符?
1)当字符串中包含反斜杠、单引号和双引号等有特殊用途的字符时,必须使用反斜杠对这些字符进行转义(转换一个含义)
反斜杠 | 单引号 | 双引号 |
\\ | \' | \“ |
print('http:\\\\www.baidu.com')
print('老师说:\'大家好\'')
2)当字符串中包含换行、回车,水平制表符或退格等无法直接表示的特殊字符时,也可以使用转义字符当字符串中包含换行、回车,水平制表符或退格等无法直接表示的特殊字符时,也可以使用转义字符
换行 | 回的 | 水平制表符 | 退格 |
\n | \r | \t | \b |
print('hello\nworld') #\ +转义功能的首字母 n-->newline的首字符表示换行
print('hello\tworld')
print('helloooo\tworld')
print('hello\rworld') #world将hello进行了覆盖
print('hello\bworld') #\b是退一个格,将o退没了
3) 原字符,不希望字符串中的转义字符起作用,就使用原字符,就是在字符串之前加上r,或R
print(r'hello\nworld')
#注意事项, 最后一个字符不能是反斜杠
#print(r'hello\nworld\')
print(r'hello\nworld\\')
注:
最后一个字符不能是反斜杠