大数据可视化课程笔记 3

第三章 时间数据可视化

3.1 时间数据在大数据中的应用

• 时间数据是按照时间顺序排列的一系列数据值,不仅表达数据随时间变化的规律, 还要表达数据分布的时间规律.
• 分为连续型时间数据, 离散型时间数据

3.2 连续型时间数据可视化

3.2.1 阶梯图

曲线保持在一个值,直至发生变化, 直接跳跃到下一个值,其形状类似于阶梯
Python示例:

from pyecharts.charts import Line
from pyecharts import options as opts
def draw_postage_line():
	datax = ['1995', '1996', '1997', '1998', '1999', '2000', '2001', '2002', '2003', '2004', '2005', '2006', '2007', '2008',
	     '2009']
	datay = [0.32, 0.32, 0.32, 0.32, 0.33, 0.33, 0.34, 0.37, 0.37, 0.37, 0.37, 0.39, 0.41, 0.42, 0.44]
	c = (
		Line()
			.add_xaxis(datax)
			.add_yaxis("Price", datay)
			.set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="美国邮费阶梯图"),yaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(min_=0.3,max_=0.45,splitline_opts=opts.SplitLineOpts(is_show=True)))
			.render("dv_34_postage_line.html")
	)
if __name__ == "__main__":
	draw_postage_line()

3.2.2 折线图

适用于表现趋势

import pyecharts.options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Line
from pyecharts.faker import Faker

c = (
    Line()
    .add_xaxis(Faker.choose())
    .add_yaxis("商家A", Faker.values())
    .add_yaxis("商家B", Faker.values())
    .set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="Line-基本示例"))
    .render("line_base.html")
)

3.2.3 拟合曲线

根据给定的离散数据点绘制曲线,又称不规则曲线

3.3 离散型时间数据可视化

3.3.1 散点图

import pyecharts.options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Scatter

data = [
    [10.0, 8.04],
    [8.0, 6.95],
    [13.0, 7.58],
    [9.0, 8.81],
    [11.0, 8.33],
    [14.0, 9.96],
    [6.0, 7.24],
    [4.0, 4.26],
    [12.0, 10.84],
    [7.0, 4.82],
    [5.0, 5.68],
]
data.sort(key=lambda x: x[0])
x_data = [d[0] for d in data]
y_data = [d[1] for d in data]

(
    Scatter(init_opts=opts.InitOpts(width="1600px", height="1000px"))
    .add_xaxis(xaxis_data=x_data)
    .add_yaxis(
        series_name="",
        y_axis=y_data,
        symbol_size=20,
        label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(is_show=False),
    )
    .set_series_opts()
    .set_global_opts(
        xaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(
            type_="value", splitline_opts=opts.SplitLineOpts(is_show=True)
        ),
        yaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(
            type_="value",
            axistick_opts=opts.AxisTickOpts(is_show=True),
            splitline_opts=opts.SplitLineOpts(is_show=True),
        ),
        tooltip_opts=opts.TooltipOpts(is_show=False),
    )
    .render("basic_scatter_chart.html")
)

3.3.2 柱状图

from pyecharts import options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Bar
from pyecharts.faker import Faker

c = (
    Bar()
    .add_xaxis(Faker.choose())
    .add_yaxis("商家A", Faker.values())
    .add_yaxis("商家B", Faker.values())
    .set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="Bar-基本示例", subtitle="我是副标题"))
    .render("bar_base.html")
)

3.3.3 堆叠柱状图

from pyecharts import options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Bar
from pyecharts.faker import Faker

c = (
    Bar()
    .add_xaxis(Faker.choose())
    .add_yaxis("商家A", Faker.values(), stack="stack1")
    .add_yaxis("商家B", Faker.values(), stack="stack1")
    .set_series_opts(label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(is_show=False))
    .set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="Bar-堆叠数据（全部）"))
    .render("bar_stack0.html")
)