Java锁

1、公平锁和非公平锁

公平锁：是指多线程按照申请锁的顺序来获取锁
非公平锁：是指多个线获取锁的顺序不是按照申请锁的顺序，有可能后申请的线程比先申请的线程优先获得锁。在高并发的情况下，有可能造成优先级反转或者饥饿的情况。

• 非公平锁如果占有锁失败，则采用公平锁方式
• ReentrantLock,Synchroized默认采用非公平锁
• 非公平锁的优点在于吞吐量比公平锁大

public class test04 {

        public static void sync(String tips) {
            synchronized (test04.class) {
                System.out.println(tips);
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }

        public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
            new Thread(()->sync("线程1")).start();
           // Thread.sleep(100);
            new Thread(()->sync("线程2")).start();
          //  Thread.sleep(100);
            new Thread(()->sync("线程3")).start();
          //  Thread.sleep(100);
            new Thread(()->sync("线程4")).start();

           
        }
    }

输出
因为是非公平锁，所以后面的线程可以插队

2、可重入锁（递归锁）

指的是同一线程外层函数获得锁，内层递归函数仍能获得锁
同一线程外层方法获得锁，进入内层方法自动获得锁
线程可以进入任何一个它已经拥有的锁所同步着的代码块

• 最大作用是避免死锁
• ReentrantLock,Synchroized都是可重入锁

Synchroized锁

class Phone {
    public synchronized void sendSMS() throws Exception{
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getId()+"\t invoked sendSMS()");
        sendEmail();
    }

    public synchronized void sendEmail() throws Exception{
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getId()+"\t #####invoked sendEmail()");
    }
}


public class test04 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Phone phone = new Phone();
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    phone.sendSMS();
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        },"t1").start();

        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    phone.sendSMS();
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        },"t2").start();
    }
}

lock锁

class Phone implements Runnable{
    Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    @Override
    public void run() {
        get();
   public void get() {
        lock.lock();
        try{
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getId()+"\t invoked get()");
            set();
        }finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
        
    }
    public void set() {
        lock.lock();
        try{
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getId()+"\t #####invoked set()");
            set();
        }finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}


public class test04 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Thread t3= new Thread(phone);
        Thread t4= new Thread(phone);
        t3.start();
        t4.start();
    }
}

3、自旋锁（SpinLock）

是指尝试获取锁的线程不会立即阻塞，而是采用循环的方式获取锁

• 优点：减少线程上下文切换的消耗
• 缺点：循环会消耗cpu

public class SpinLockDemo {
    //原子引用线程
    AtomicReference<Thread> atomicReference = new AtomicReference<>();

    public void myLock(){
        Thread thread = Thread.currentThread();
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
                +"\t come in");
        //第一次thread为null,执行下面代码以后thread变为thread，但是
        //atomicReference.compareAndSet(null,thread)为true不执行循环
        while (!atomicReference.compareAndSet(null,thread)){

        }
    }

    public void myUnlock(){
        Thread thread = Thread.currentThread();
        atomicReference.compareAndSet(thread,null);
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
                +"\t invoked myUnlock()");
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        SpinLockDemo spinLockDemo = new SpinLockDemo();
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                spinLockDemo.myLock();
              
                try {
                //AA持有锁5s
                    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                //5s后AA线程为null
                spinLockDemo.myLock();
            }
        },"AA").start();
		
		//保证了A线程先启动
        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);

        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
            	//thread不为null，一直循环比较thread是否为null，5s后AA线程为null
            	//BB拿到了thread，不执行循环
                spinLockDemo.myLock();
                //继续执行unlock
                spinLockDemo.myUnlock();
            }
        },"BB").start();
    }
}

代码过程为：
首先thread线程为null，执行
while (!atomicReference.compareAndSet(null,thread)) 方法，此时null则atomicReference.compareAndSet(null,thread) 为true，while判断为false，不执行循环，AA线程此刻为thread
同时BB线程开始执行，但是此刻thread线程已经不为null，所以while方法执行，一直在循环
直到5s后AA线程执行atomicReference.compareAndSet(thread,null); thread为null
则BB可以结束while循环，接着执行myUnlock方法

4、独占锁（写锁）/共享锁（读锁）/互斥锁

独占锁：一次只能被一个线程持有，Lock和Synchronized都是独占锁
共享锁：该锁可以同时被多个线程所持有，ReentrantReadWriteLock起读锁是共享的，写锁是独占锁

• 读锁的共享锁可保证并发读是非常高效的，读写，写读，写写的过程是互斥的
• 写操作：原子+独占，中间不能被分割，打断

class MyCache{
    private volatile Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
    private ReentrantReadWriteLock rwlock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
    public void  put(String key,Object value) throws InterruptedException {
        rwlock.writeLock().lock();
        try {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"\t 正在写入 ："+ key);
            TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(300);
            map.put(key, value);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"\t 写入完成 ："+ key);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            rwlock.writeLock().unlock();
        }

    }
    public void  get(String key) throws InterruptedException {
        rwlock.readLock().lock();
        try {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"\t 正在读取 ：");
            TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(300);
            Object result = map.get(key);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"\t 读取完成 ："+ result);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            rwlock.readLock().unlock();
        }

    }
}

public class ReadWriteLockDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyCache myCache = new MyCache();
        for (int i=1;i<=5;i++){
            final int temInt = i;
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        myCache.put(temInt+"",temInt+"");
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            },String.valueOf(i)).start();
        }
        for (int i=1;i<=5;i++){
            final int temInt = i;
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        myCache.get(temInt+"");
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            },String.valueOf(i)).start();
        }
    }
}