Retrieve The N-th String Term——C语言提高题

一、原题

链接：Training on Retrieve The N-th String Term | Codewars

This Kata requires you to retrieve the n-th string from a character array, where a null character separates each string, and a double null character terminates the character array. The Kata abides by the following rules: The function must return a pointer to the buffer passed as an argument based on the index n; If n is less than zero or more than or equal to the available strings, the function must return NULL; The array will always be populated with at least one string, so there's no need to worry about empty arrays.

二、解题

1、分析

1）不要申请动态，否则返回的内存空间与要求不一致

该函数必须返回一个指向缓冲区的指针，该缓冲区基于索引作为参数传递n;

2）如果n小于零或大于或等于可用字符串，则函数必须返回 NULL 

3）字符串通过‘\0’分割成几个部分，字符串以‘\0\0’为终止

Array : "hello\0world\0\0" n     : 0	Output: pointer to the string "hello"
Array : "well\0done\0\0" n     : 1	Output: pointer to the string "done"
Array : "the\0brown\0fox\0jumps\0over\0the\0lazy\0dog\0\0" n     : 7	Output: pointer to the string "dog"

        可发现‘\0’将字符串进行分割，从零开始编号

2、思路

1）新建指针*p用于存储返回字符串的起始地址；

const char *p;

2） item用于记录读了几个‘\0’；读到'\0'，则item++；

 int item=0; 

if(*input=='\0'){
       item++;
       } 

3）通过 while(*input || *(input+1) ) 遍历字符串【跟前辈请教的，真是大开眼界】

 直接return p关键在于原字符串自带‘\0’

三、Myway

#include <stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>

/*
  Return a pointer to the buffer.
*/

const char *extract_string(const char *input, const int n)
{ //printf("%s\n",input);
  if(n<0) return NULL;
  
  int item=0;

  const char *p;

 
  
  while(*input || *(input+1) ){
    //printf("%c \n",*p);
    if(*input=='\0'){
       item++;
       }
       
       
    else{
  
      

      if(n==0){
        
        p=input;
        return p;
      } 
     
 
      
      
      else if(n==item){
        p=input;
        return p;
      }

      
    }
      input++;
    
  }
 
return NULL;
  
}