java AES对称加密字符串和文件

1.生成随机密钥

 public static SecretKey generateSecretKey() {
        // 创建 AES 密钥生成器
        try {
            KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");
            // 设置密钥长度(128、192 或 256 位)
            keyGenerator.init(128); // 这里使用 128 位密钥长度
            // 生成随机密钥
            SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();
            return secretKey;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

2.字符串加密解密

  1. 字符串加密
  public static String[] encryption(String originalText) {
        //获取秘钥
        try {
            SecretKey secretKey = generateSecretKey();
            //这里使用的是 AES 加密算法
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");
            cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey);
            byte[] decryptedBytes = cipher.doFinal(originalText.getBytes("UTF-8"));
            // 将字节数组转换为 Base64 编码的字符串
            String decryptedText = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(decryptedBytes);


            // 将密钥转换为字节数组
            byte[] keyBytes = secretKey.getEncoded();

            String SecretKey=Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(keyBytes);


            System.out.println("原始文本:" + originalText);
            System.out.println("加密后的文本=" + decryptedText);
            System.out.println("秘钥=" + SecretKey);
            // 返回秘钥和加密后的文本
            String[] strings={SecretKey,decryptedText};
            return  strings;
        } catch (Exception e) {
           throw  new RuntimeException(e);
        }
        
    }
  1. 字符串解密
 private static String decryption(String key, String decryptedText) {

        byte[] encryptedBytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode(key);
        try {
            SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(encryptedBytes, "AES");
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");
            // 解密操作
            cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKey);
            byte[] decode = Base64.getDecoder().decode(decryptedText);

            byte[] decryptedBytes = cipher.doFinal(decode);
            return  new String(decryptedBytes, "UTF-8");
        }catch (Exception e) {
            throw  new RuntimeException(e);
        }

   
    }

3.完整代码

整体代码

 public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 原始字符串
        String originalText = "Hello, this is a secret message.";
        // 加密 返回秘钥,和加密后的字符串
        String[] encryption = encryption(originalText);

        // 解密 传入秘钥和密文
        String decryption = decryption(encryption[0], encryption[1]);
        System.out.println(decryption);
    }
    //加密
    public static String[] encryption(String originalText) {
        //获取秘钥
        try {
            SecretKey secretKey = generateSecretKey();
            //这里使用的是 AES 加密算法
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");
            cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey);
            byte[] decryptedBytes = cipher.doFinal(originalText.getBytes("UTF-8"));
            // 将字节数组转换为 Base64 编码的字符串
            String decryptedText = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(decryptedBytes);


            // 将密钥转换为字节数组
            byte[] keyBytes = secretKey.getEncoded();

            String SecretKey=Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(keyBytes);


            System.out.println("原始文本:" + originalText);
            System.out.println("加密后的文本=" + decryptedText);
            System.out.println("秘钥=" + SecretKey);
            String[] strings={SecretKey,decryptedText};
            return  strings;
        } catch (Exception e) {
           throw  new RuntimeException(e);
        }

    }
    //解密
    private static String decryption(String key, String decryptedText) {

        byte[] encryptedBytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode(key);
        try {
            SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(encryptedBytes, "AES");
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");
            // 解密操作
            cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKey);
            byte[] decode = Base64.getDecoder().decode(decryptedText);

            byte[] decryptedBytes = cipher.doFinal(decode);
            return  new String(decryptedBytes, "UTF-8");
        }catch (Exception e) {
            throw  new RuntimeException(e);
        }


    }
    // 生成秘钥
    public static SecretKey generateSecretKey() {
        // 创建 AES 密钥生成器
        try {
            KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");
            // 设置密钥长度(128、192 或 256 位)
            keyGenerator.init(128); // 这里使用 256 位密钥长度
            // 生成随机密钥
            SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();
            return secretKey;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

4.加密和解密文件

  1. 文件加密
 /**
     * @param inputFile  原始文件路径
     * @param outputFile 加密后文件路径
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    private static String fileEncryption(String inputFile, String outputFile) throws Exception {
        // 获取秘钥
        SecretKey secretKey = generateSecretKey();
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES"); // 根据加密模式获取Cipher对象
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey); // 初始化Cipher对象为加密模式
        try (
                FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(inputFile);
                FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(outputFile);
                CipherOutputStream cipherOutputStream = new CipherOutputStream(outputStream, cipher)) {

            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int bytesRead;
            while ((bytesRead = inputStream.read(buffer)) >= 0) {
                cipherOutputStream.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead); // 加密文件内容并写入输出流
            }
            return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(secretKey.getEncoded());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }

    }

2.文件解密

 /**
     * @param inputFile  原始文件路径
     * @param outputFile 加密后文件路径
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    private static String fileEncryption(String inputFile, String outputFile) throws Exception {
        // 获取秘钥
        SecretKey secretKey = generateSecretKey();
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES"); // 根据加密模式获取Cipher对象
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey); // 初始化Cipher对象为加密模式
        try (
                FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(inputFile);
                FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(outputFile);
                CipherOutputStream cipherOutputStream = new CipherOutputStream(outputStream, cipher)) {

            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int bytesRead;
            while ((bytesRead = inputStream.read(buffer)) >= 0) {
                cipherOutputStream.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead); // 加密文件内容并写入输出流
            }
            return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(secretKey.getEncoded());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }

    }
  1. 完整代码
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {


        String key = fileEncryption("C:\\Users\\admin\\Desktop\\test.txt", "C:\\Users\\admin\\Desktop\\test2.txt");
        System.out.println(key);

        fileDecryption(key, "C:\\Users\\admin\\Desktop\\test2.txt", "C:\\Users\\admin\\Desktop\\test3.txt");

    }

 // 生成秘钥
    public static SecretKey generateSecretKey() {
        // 创建 AES 密钥生成器
        try {
            KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");
            // 设置密钥长度(128、192 或 256 位)
            keyGenerator.init(128); // 这里使用 256 位密钥长度
            // 生成随机密钥
            SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();
            return secretKey;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param inputFile  原始文件路径
     * @param outputFile 加密后文件路径
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    private static String fileEncryption(String inputFile, String outputFile) throws Exception {
        // 获取秘钥
        SecretKey secretKey = generateSecretKey();
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES"); // 根据加密模式获取Cipher对象
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey); // 初始化Cipher对象为加密模式
        try (
                FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(inputFile);
                FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(outputFile);
                CipherOutputStream cipherOutputStream = new CipherOutputStream(outputStream, cipher)) {

            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int bytesRead;
            while ((bytesRead = inputStream.read(buffer)) >= 0) {
                cipherOutputStream.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead); // 加密文件内容并写入输出流
            }
            return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(secretKey.getEncoded());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }

    }

    /**
     * @param key        秘钥
     * @param inputFile  加密文件路径
     * @param outputFile 解密文件路径
     */
    private static void fileDecryption(String key, String inputFile, String outputFile) throws Exception{

        byte[] encryptedBytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode(key);
        SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(encryptedBytes, "AES");
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");
        // 解密操作
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKey);
        try (
                FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(inputFile);
                FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(outputFile);
                CipherOutputStream cipherOutputStream = new CipherOutputStream(outputStream, cipher)) {

            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int bytesRead;
            while ((bytesRead = inputStream.read(buffer)) >= 0) {
                cipherOutputStream.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead); // 解密密文件内容并写入输出流
            }

        }catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);

        }
    }
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