SSM 快速搭建笔记

SSM 搭建笔记

1. ssm 的组成部分 spring + spring mvc + mybatis

2. 本教程使用环境为 Java 8 ，idea 以及 maven

3. 开始教程：

   1. 使用idea创建maven web 项目。注意⚠️一定要选择自己配置好的阿里云maven，否则会创建失败

   2. 在控制台中看到 build success 视为创建成功 ， 如果创建失败请参考第一条，第一次创建是加载速度较慢请耐心等待。

   3. 在创建完成后， 找到 pom.xml (项目依赖管理文件) 在dependencies中写入以下代码：

      < y>
            <groupId>commons-beanutils</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-beanutils</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.0</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-lang</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId>
            <version>2.5</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.11</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
          </dependency>
          <!-- c3p0 数据库连接池 start -->
          <dependency>
            <groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
            <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
            <version>0.9.5.2</version>
          </dependency>
          <!-- c3p0 数据库连接池 end -->
          <!-- jsp-servlet支持 start -->
          <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.1</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>org.glassfish.web</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl-impl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
            <exclusions>
              <exclusion>
                <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
                <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
              </exclusion>
              <exclusion>
                <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
                <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
              </exclusion>
              <exclusion>
                <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl</groupId>
                <artifactId>jstl-api</artifactId>
              </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.5</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.1</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
            <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.2</version>
          </dependency>
          <!-- jsp-servlet支持 end -->
          <!-- 标签库 start -->
          <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.taglibs</groupId>
            <artifactId>taglibs-standard-spec</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.1</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.taglibs</groupId>
            <artifactId>taglibs-standard-impl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.1</version>
          </dependency>
          <!-- 标签库 end -->
          <!-- apache的commons系列包 start -->
          <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
            <version>3.1</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-collections</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-collections</artifactId>
            <version>3.2.1</version>
          </dependency>
          <!-- apache的commons系列包 end -->
          <!-- apache 工具包 start -->
          <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.xmlbeans</groupId>
            <artifactId>xmlbeans</artifactId>
            <version>2.6.0</version>
          </dependency>
          <!-- apache 工具包 end -->
          <!-- spring start -->
          <dependency>
            <groupId>aopalliance</groupId>
            <artifactId>aopalliance</artifactId>
            <version>1.0</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.6.RELEASE</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-websocket</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc-portlet</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-messaging</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jms</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-instrument-tomcat</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-instrument</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
          </dependency>
          <!-- spring start -->
          <!-- mysql -->
          <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.46</version>
          </dependency>
          <!-- mybatis start -->
          <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.5</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.1</version>
          </dependency>
          <!-- mybatis end -->
          <!--日志管理 start-->
          <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.2</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.2</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
          </dependency>
          <!--日志管理 end-->
          <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.mail/mail -->
          <!--getter setter 注解 start-->
          <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.16.10</version>
          </dependency>
          <!--getter setter 注解 end-->
          <dependency>
            <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-core-asl</artifactId>
            <version>1.9.13</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>net.sf.ezmorph</groupId>
            <artifactId>ezmorph</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.6</version>
          </dependency>
          <!--json start-->
          <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.15</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>
            <version>1.9.13</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <version>${jackson.verson}</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
            <version>${jackson.verson}</version>
          </dependency>
          <!--json end-->
      

   4. 在properties中填入如下代码

      <spring.version>4.0.6.RELEASE</spring.version>
          <jackson.verson>2.8.7</jackson.verson>
      

   5. 在main文件夹下创建 Java(蓝色) 源文件夹 和 resources(灰色带三杠) 资源文件夹

   6. 在Java 源文件夹下创建如下包：

      • cn
        • kgc
          • ssm
            • common（存放项目中的公共文件，比如统一返回类）
            • controller （项目中的控制层）
            • dao （项目的数据访问层）
            • service （项目中的业务逻辑层接口）
              • impl（项目中业务逻辑层接口的实现类）
            • util(项目中的工具类，比如分页工具类以及日期转换类)
            • vo(view - object 视图对象，当页面中的展示内容和实体类不符时使用vo类)
            • entity( 实体类 ，主要负责Java中的属性和数据库字段一一对应)

   7. 在resources 文件夹下创建如下文件：

      1. mappers（sql 映射文件的集散地，这里面的xml文件要和dao层中的接口一一对应）
      2. applicationContext.xml （spring 配置文件，这里主要配置项目的数据源，会话工厂之类的）
      3. applicationContext-mvc.xml （spring mvc 配置文件 ，这里主要配置mvc方向相关内容如视图解析器，静态资源配置等等）
      4. db.properties (这里主要存放数据库相关的资源配置内容)
      5. logback.xml （这里配置日志的相关信息）

   8. 打开web.xml 更换其头部信息 更换3.0是因为2.3 不支持EL表达式的执行

      <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
      <web-app version="3.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
               xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
               xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
      	http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd">
      

   9. 在web.xml 中写入如下代码

       <!-- 监听上下文加载 -->
          <listener>
              <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
          </listener>
          <!-- 上下文初始化， 配置spring 配置文件 -->
          <context-param>
              <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
              <param-value>classpath*:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
          </context-param>
          <!-- 配置 spring mvc -->
          <servlet>
              <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
              <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
              <init-param>
                  <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
                  <param-value>classpath*:applicationContext-mvc.xml</param-value>
              </init-param>
              <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
          </servlet>
          <servlet-mapping>
              <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
              <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
          </servlet-mapping>
          <!-- 设置过滤器， 主要用来解决中文乱码问题 -->
          <filter>
              <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
              <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
              <init-param>
                  <param-name>encoding</param-name>
                  <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
              </init-param>
              <init-param>
                  <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
                  <param-value>true</param-value>
              </init-param>
          </filter>
          <filter-mapping>
              <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
              <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
          </filter-mapping>
      

   10. applicationContext.xml 配置内容

       <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
       <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
              xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
              xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
              xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
       
           <!-- todo 开启注解扫描 -->
           <context:component-scan base-package="cn.kgc"/>
       
           <!-- todo 读取配置文件  在配置文件路径时一定要添加 classpath* -->
           <context:property-placeholder
                   location="classpath*:db.properties"/>
       
           <!-- todo 配置数据源 -->
           <bean id="dataSource"
                 class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.DriverManagerDataSource">
               <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
               <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
               <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
               <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
           </bean>
       
           <!-- todo 配置会话工厂 -->
           <bean id="sessionFactory"
                 class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
               <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
               <!-- todo 这里在读取映射文件时也是一样的 需要加classpath -->
               <property name="mapperLocations"
                         value="classpath*:mappers/*Mapper.xml"/>
               <!-- todo 给实体类设置别名 -->
               <property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="cn.kgc.ssm.entity"/>
           </bean>
           <!-- todo 扫描dao层 -->
           <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
               <property name="basePackage" value="cn.kgc.ssm.dao"/>
           </bean>
           <!-- todo spring掌管事务管理 -->
           <bean id="transactionManager"
        class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
               <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
           </bean>
           <!-- todo 由于这次练习没有涉及到增删改 所以不写声明式事务！ -->
       
       </beans>
       

   11. applicationContext-mvc.xml 配置内容

       <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
       <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
              xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
              xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
              xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
              xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
           <!-- todo 开启注解扫描 -->
           <context:component-scan base-package="cn.kgc"/>
           <!-- todo 配置视图解析器 -->
           <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
               <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
               <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
           </bean>
           <!-- 标注控制层 -->
           <mvc:annotation-driven conversion-service="conversionService2"/>
           <!-- 配置静态资源 -->
           <mvc:resources mapping="/statics/**" location="/statics/"/>
           <bean id="conversionService2"
           class="org.springframework.context.support.ConversionServiceFactoryBean">
               <property name="converters">
                   <set>
                       <bean class="cn.kgc.ssm.util.DataConverter"/>
                   </set>
               </property>
           </bean>
           <!-- 配置文件上传 -->
           <bean id="multipartResolver"
                 class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
               <property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
               <property name="maxUploadSize" value="40960000000"/>
               <property name="maxInMemorySize" value="4096"/>
           </bean>
           <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
               <property name="defaultErrorView" value="error"/>
               <property name="exceptionAttribute" value="e"/>
           </bean>
       </beans>
       

4. 项目中注解介绍

   1. @service — 主要使用在service层的实现类上，用来标注当前层为service
   2. @Controller — 主要使用在controller层 ，标注当前类为控制层
   3. @RequestMapping — 此注解可用在类上也可用在方法上，作用是被标注的方法可用来处理网络请求
   4. @ResponseBody — 主要用在方法上，用来告诉前端控制器不走视图解析器，直接将数据返回给前端
   5. @RequestParam — 用来标注控制层参数，如果前端传递的参数名与控制层参数名不一致可用此注解来保持一致，或者参数要求必填也可用此注解来强调
   6. @PathVariable — 用来从路径中获取参数
   7. @Slf4j — 用在类上，当前类全类可使用 log这个日志记录工具
   8. @Resource — 用来注入数据类型
   9. @Param — 当mybatis dao 层参数超过两个时使用此注解来区分参数