从Servlet 到 SpringMVC 相关配置

一、servlet xml配置

1.首先建立一个maven项目。

2.导入servlet的依赖包servlet-api 和jsp-api

<!--添加Servlet和JSP依赖-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
    <version>2.5</version>
    <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
    <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
    <version>2.2</version>
    <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

3.因为浏览默认情况是不能servlet资源的 所以为配置web.xml 即配置servlet 和 servlet-mapping 通过servlet映射方式来来处理浏览器请求

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>myFirstServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>info.minghui.web.MyFirstServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>myFirstServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/myFirst</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<filter>
    <filter-name>character</filter-name>
    <filter-class>info.minghui.web.MyFilter</filter-class>
</filter>

若要配置字符集过滤器 可以在web.xml中配置全局字符集然后通过"/ "映射过滤所有请求

<context-param>
    <param-name>encoding</param-name>
    <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</context-param>
<filter>
    <filter-name>character</filter-name>
    <filter-class>info.minghui.web.MyFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>character</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

过滤器类：

package info.minghui.web;
import javax.servlet.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class MyFilter implements Filter {
    private String encoding;

    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        this.encoding=filterConfig.getInitParameter("encoding");
    }
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
                         FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        request.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);
        response.setContentType("text/html;character="+encoding);
        chain.doFilter(request,response);
    }
    public void destroy() { }
}

二、servlet 注解配置

自动servlet3.0，servlet的开发逐渐使用注解配置，省去大量的xml配置文件

在使用注解配置的时候我们需要更换servlet-api版本

<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
    <version>4.0.1</version>
    <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

而之后，我们把web.xml文件删除（此时不再需要xml配置文件了）

只需要把serlvet类上加上注解@WebServlet ,过滤器类上面加上@WebFilter即可

@WebServlet("/myFirst")
public class MyFirstServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req,
                         HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("使用了get请求-----");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(req, resp);
    }

@WebFilter("/")
public class MyFilter implements Filter {
    private String encoding;

    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        this.encoding=filterConfig.getInitParameter("encoding");
    }
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
                         FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        request.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);
        response.setContentType("text/html;character="+encoding);
        chain.doFilter(request,response);
    }
    public void destroy() { }
}

三、SpringMVC纯XML配置

因为springmvc中所有的请求都交给了DispatcherServlet管理所以先注册一个DispathcherServlet并加载springmvc配置文件springmvc.xml

web.xml中的配置如下图

<web-app>
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <!--记载springmvc配置文件-->
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <!--启动就加载该servlet-->
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <!-- '/' 匹配所有的请求不包括jsp,在springmvc配置文件中我们在配置其他静态资源放行的问题-->
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

在resouces下建立一个spring.xml文件.springmvc.xml中的配置如下图:

​

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
    <!--处理器映射器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"></bean>
    <!--处理器适配器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"></bean>
    <!--静态资源放行问题 location表示webapp下的目录-->
    <mvc:resources mapping="/css/**" location="/css/"></mvc:resources>
    <mvc:resources mapping="/js/**" location="/js/"></mvc:resources>
    <mvc:resources mapping="/images/**" location="/images"></mvc:resources>
    <!--处理器解析器-->
    <bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!--前缀-->
        <property name="prefix" value="WEB-INF/jsp/"></property>
        <!--后缀-->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>
    <!--BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping处理器需要根据id进行处理请求-->
    <bean id="/hello" class="info.ming.controller.MyXMLController"></bean>
</beans>

然后在编写一个MyXMLController类实现Controller接口

public class MyXMLController implements Controller {

    @Override
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest,
                                      HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
        mv.addObject("msg", "hello");
        mv.setViewName("test");
        return mv;
    }
}

四、SpringMVC半注解配置

其中web.xml中的配置和纯XML配置一样

其spring.xml中的配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd   http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <context:component-scan base-package="info.ming"></context:component-scan>
    <!--让springmvc不处理静态资源.css .js .html .mp3 .mp4 即让这些资源不走视图解析器-->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
    <!--支持mvc注解驱动
        spring中一般采用@RequestMapping中注解来完成映射关系要想使@RequestMapping注解生效
       必须向上下文中注册DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping和一个AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapet实例
       这两个类实例分别在类级别和方法级别处理
       而annotation-driven配置帮助我们自动完成两个实例的注入
    -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="WEB-INF/jsp/"></property>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>

contoller类中的写法

@Controller
public class MyController {
    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String hello(Model model){
        model.addAttribute("msg", "hello MyController la la la ");
        return "hello";
    }
}

五:SpringMVC纯注解配置

编写springmvc.xml对应的配置类

@Configuration
@ComponentScan("info.ming")
@EnableWebMvc
public class MyConfig {
    @Bean
    public InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver(){
        InternalResourceViewResolver irv = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
        irv.setSuffix(".jsp");
        irv.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/jsp/");
        return irv;
    }
}

编写启动类

public class MyWebAppInitializer implements WebApplicationInitializer {
    @Override
    public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
        AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext aca = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
        aca.register(MyConfig.class);
        aca.setServletContext(servletContext);
        ServletRegistration.Dynamic dispatcher = servletContext.addServlet("dispatcher", new DispatcherServlet(aca));
        dispatcher.addMapping("/");
        dispatcher.setLoadOnStartup(1);
    }
}