使用Twisted框架开发TCP广播系统

       学习使用Twisted框架开发基于TCP的网络应用的方法。该广播系统接收任意客户端的链接请求，并将任意客户端发送给服务器的消息转发给所有其他客户端。本系统是一个基本的实时通信模型。

       使用Twisted进行基于传输层TCP的编程时，无须程序员操作Socket的bind、send、receiver等基本原语：而是直接对Twised的Protocol、Factory等类进行编程，定义它们的子类并重写connectionMade、dataReceived进行事件化的TCP编程风格。

服务端：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from twisted.internet.protocol import Protocol

clients = []


class Spreader(Protocol):
    def __init__(self, factory):
        self.factory = factory
        self.connect_id = None

    def connectionMade(self):
        self.factory.numProtocols = self.factory.numProtocols + 1
        self.connect_id = self.factory.numProtocols
        self.transport.write((u"欢迎来到Spread Site, 您是第%d个客户端用户！\n" %
                              (self.connect_id, )).encode('utf8'))
        print("new connect: %d" % self.connect_id)
        clients.append(self)

    def connectionLost(self, reason):
        clients.remove(self)
        print("lost connect: %d" % self.connect_id)

    def dataReceived(self, data):
        print("dataReceived() entered!")
        if data == "close":
            self.transport.loseConnection()
            print("%s closed" % self.connect_id)
        else:
            print("Spreading message from %s : %s" % (self.connect_id, data))
            for client in clients:
                if client != self:
                    client.transport.write(data)
        print("dataReceived() existed!")


from twisted.internet.protocol import Factory
from twisted.internet.endpoints import TCP4ServerEndpoint
from twisted.internet import reactor


class SpreadFactory(Factory):
    def __init__(self):
        self.numProtocols = 0

    def buildProtocol(self, addr):
        return Spreader(self)


# 8007是本服务器的监听端口，建议选择大于1024的端口
endpoint = TCP4ServerEndpoint(reactor, 8007)
endpoint.listen(SpreadFactory())
reactor.run()  # 挂起运行

客户端：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from twisted.internet.protocol import Protocol, ClientFactory
from twisted.internet import reactor
import sys
import datetime


class Echo(Protocol):
    def connectionMade(self):
        print("Connected to the server!")

    def dataReceived(self, data):
        print("Got message from Server: ", data.decode('utf8'))
        reactor.callLater(1, self.say_hello)

    def connectionLost(self, reason):
        print("Disconnected from the server!")

    def say_hello(self):
        if self.transport.connected:
            self.transport.write((u"Hello, I'm a client. %s" %datetime.datetime.now()).encode('utf-8'))


class EchoClientFactory(ClientFactory):
    def __init__(self):
        self.protocol = None

    def startedConnecting(self, connector):
        print('Started to connect.')

    def buildProtocol(self, addr):
        self.protocol = Echo()
        return self.protocol

    def clientConnectionLost(self, connector, reason):
        print('Lost connection.  Reason:', reason)

    def clientConnectionFailed(self, connector, reason):
        print('Connection failed. Reason:', reason)


host = "127.0.0.1"
port = 8007
factory = EchoClientFactory()
reactor.connectTCP(host, port, factory)
reactor.run()

为验证效果客户端可以同时开启多个，也可以使用网络调试助手，协议类型选择TCP Clinet