python 10个高频率的自动化脚本(干货，速度收藏)

1. 文件操作：自动备份文件

场景：每日自动备份重要文件到指定目录。

import shutilimport datetimedef backup_file(src, dst_folder):    now = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S')    dst_path = f"{dst_folder}/backup_{now}_{src.split('/')[-1]}"    shutil.copy2(src, dst_path)    print(f"Backup created at {dst_path}")# 示例用法backup_file("/path/to/important_file.txt", "/path/to/backup_folder")

2. 定时任务：定时发送邮件提醒

场景：每天早上9点自动发送邮件提醒。

import smtplibfrom email.mime.text import MIMETextfrom email.header import Headerimport scheduleimport timedef send_email():    sender = 'your_email@example.com'    receiver = 'receiver@example.com'    password = 'your_password'    subject = 'Daily Reminder'    body = 'This is your daily reminder.'    msg = MIMEText(body, 'plain', 'utf-8')    msg['From'] = Header("Reminder", 'utf-8')    msg['To'] =  Header("Receiver", 'utf-8')    msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')    try:        server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL('smtp.example.com', 465)        server.login(sender, password)        server.sendmail(sender, [receiver], msg.as_string())        print("Email sent successfully!")    except Exception as e:        print(f"Error sending email: {e}")    finally:        server.quit()schedule.every().day.at("09:00").do(send_email)while True:    schedule.run_pending()    time.sleep(1)

3. 数据抓取：网页内容爬虫

场景：抓取网站新闻标题。

import requestsfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoupdef scrape_news_titles(url):    response = requests.get(url)    soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')    titles = soup.find_all('h2')  # 假设新闻标题在标签中    for title in titles:              print(title.text.strip())# 示例用法      scrape_news_titles('https://news.example.com/latest-news')

4. 图片批量重命名

场景：整理图片库，按日期重命名图片。

import osfrom datetime import datetimedef rename_files(dir_path):    for i, filename in enumerate(os.listdir(dir_path)):        if filename.endswith('.jpg') or filename.endswith('.png'):            timestamp = datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S')            new_filename = f"img_{timestamp}_{i}.{filename.split('.')[-1]}"            os.rename(os.path.join(dir_path, filename), os.path.join(dir_path, new_filename))# 示例用法rename_files('/path/to/images/folder')

5. 日志文件分析

场景：统计错误日志中错误出现次数。​​​​​​​

def analyze_logs(log_path, error_keyword):    error_count = 0    with open(log_path, 'r') as file:        for line in file:            if error_keyword in line:                error_count += 1    print(f"Error '{error_keyword}' occurred {error_count} times.")# 示例用法analyze_logs('/var/log/application.log', 'Error 500')

6. 文件夹同步

场景：将本地目录与远程服务器的目录同步。

示例代码（使用rsync命令，通过ssh同步）:​​​​​​​

import subprocessdef sync_folders(local_dir, remote_host, remote_dir, username):    # 构建rsync命令    cmd = f"rsync -avz --progress -e 'ssh' {local_dir}/' {username}@{remote_host}:{remote_dir}"    try:        subprocess.run(cmd, shell=True, check=True)        print("Sync completed successfully.")    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:        print(f"Error during sync: {e}")# 示例用法sync_folders('/local/path', 'remote.host.com:/remote/path', 'user')

7. 数据库备份

场景：定期将数据库备份到本地或云存储。

示例代码（MySQL数据库备份到本地文件）:​​​​​​​

import osimport subprocessdef mysql_backup(database, user, password, backup_path):    backup_file = f"{backup_path}/{database}_backup_{datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S')}.sql"    cmd = f'mysqldump -u{user} -p{password} {database} > {backup_file}'    subprocess.run(cmd, shell=True)    print(f"Backup saved to {backup_file}")# 示例用法mysql_backup('mydb', 'dbuser', 'dbpassword', '/path/to/backups')

8. API监控

场景：定时检测API响应状态并通知异常。

示例代码（使用requests和SMTP发送邮件通知）:​​​​​​​

import requestsimport smtplibfrom email.mime.text import MIMETextfrom datetime import datetimedef monitor_api(url, expected_status, email_sender, email_receiver, email_password):    response = requests.get(url)    if response.status_code != expected_status:        message = f"API [{url}] returned {response.status_code} at {datetime.now()}"        msg = MIMEText(message)        msg['Subject'] = "API Monitor Alert"        msg['From'] = email_sender        msg['To'] = email_receiver        with smtplib.SMTP_SSL('smtp.example.com', 465) as server:            server.login(email_sender, email_password)            server.sendmail(email_sender, email_receiver, msg.as_string())        print("Alert email sent.")    else:        print("API check passed.")# 示例用法monitor_api('https://api.example.com/health', 200, 'sender@example.com', 'receiver@example.com', 'password')

9. 性能测试

场景：模拟高并发请求进行压力测试。

示例代码（使用locust库）:​​​​​​​

from locust import HttpUser, task, betweenclass WebsiteUser(HttpUser):    wait_time = between(5, 15)    @task    def load_test(self):        self.client.get("/")# 通过命令行执行Locust# locust -f performance_test.py --host=https://targetsite.com --users=1000 --spawn-rate=100

10. CI/CD流水线脚本

场景：自动部署代码到生产环境。

示例代码（使用fabric库进行SSH操作）:​​​​​​​

from fabric import Connectionfrom invoke import rundef deploy_production(host, username, local_archive):    c = Connection(host, user=username)    remote_path = '/var/www/releases/'    with c.cd(remote_path):        c.put(local_archive)        run(f"tar -xzf {os.path.basename(local_archive)}")        run("rm -f {local_archive}")        run("ln -nfs $(ls -t -1 {remote_path} | head -n1) current")# 示例用法deploy_production('production.server.com', 'deployuser', '/path/to/app.tar.gz')

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