【Java多线程】本地变量ThreadLocal

Q：什么是本地变量（ThreadLocal）？

A：当创建多个线程时，ThreadLocal可为每个线程提供独立的变量副本，每个线程都可随意更改自己的副本且不影响其他线程。

TestThreadLocal.java

public class TestThreadLocal {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		MyThreadLocal threadLocal = new MyThreadLocal();
		Thread t1 = new Thread(threadLocal);
		Thread t2 = new Thread(threadLocal);
		Thread t3 = new Thread(threadLocal);
		t1.start();
		t2.start();
		t3.start();
	}
}

class MyThreadLocal implements Runnable{
	// 当使用ThreadLocal变量时，各个线程都会存在一个ThreadLocal变量的副本，并且互不干扰
	public static ThreadLocal<Integer> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Integer>(){
		// 用于在每个线程第一次使用threadLocal.get()时赋初始值，如果在首次get()之前已经set(),则不会再调用该方法
		@Override
		protected Integer initialValue() {
			return 0;
		}
	};
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		// threadLocal.set(0);
		for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
			// threadLocal++;   :-)
			threadLocal.set(threadLocal.get() + 1);
			System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " = " + threadLocal.get());
		}
	}
}

结果

Thread-1 = 1
Thread-1 = 2
Thread-1 = 3
Thread-2 = 1
Thread-2 = 2
Thread-2 = 3
Thread-0 = 1
Thread-0 = 2
Thread-0 = 3

每个线程的threadLocal变量只有自己操作，互不干扰。