SpringBoot单元测试报错：Unable to find a @SpringBootConfiguration, you need to use @ContextConfiguration or

已于 2022-11-04 08:56:39 修改
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分类专栏： SpringBoot Spring Bug/Exception 文章标签： junit java spring Unable to find SpringBootTest
于 2022-11-01 19:30:00 首次发布
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SpringBoot单元测试报错：Unable to find a @SpringBootConfiguration, you need to use @ContextConfiguration or @SpringBootTest(classes=...) with your test

一、问题描述

        在使用SpringBoot单元测试的时候，遇到报错：java.lang.IllegalStateException: Unable to find a @SpringBootConfiguration, you need to use @ContextConfiguration or @SpringBootTest(classes=...) with your test

        完整报错信息如下：


java.lang.IllegalStateException: Unable to find a @SpringBootConfiguration, you need to use @ContextConfiguration or @SpringBootTest(classes=...) with your test

	at org.springframework.util.Assert.state(Assert.java:76)
	at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.getOrFindConfigurationClasses(SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.java:236)
	at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.processMergedContextConfiguration(SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.java:152)
	at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.buildMergedContextConfiguration(AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.java:392)
	at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.buildDefaultMergedContextConfiguration(AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.java:309)
	at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.buildMergedContextConfiguration(AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.java:262)
	at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.buildTestContext(AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.java:107)
	at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.buildTestContext(SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.java:102)
	at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.<init>(TestContextManager.java:137)
	at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.<init>(TestContextManager.java:122)
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExtensionValuesStore.lambda$getOrComputeIfAbsent$4(ExtensionValuesStore.java:86)
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExtensionValuesStore$MemoizingSupplier.computeValue(ExtensionValuesStore.java:223)
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExtensionValuesStore$MemoizingSupplier.get(ExtensionValuesStore.java:211)
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExtensionValuesStore$StoredValue.evaluate(ExtensionValuesStore.java:191)
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExtensionValuesStore$StoredValue.access$100(ExtensionValuesStore.java:171)
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExtensionValuesStore.getOrComputeIfAbsent(ExtensionValuesStore.java:89)
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExtensionValuesStore.getOrComputeIfAbsent(ExtensionValuesStore.java:93)
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.NamespaceAwareStore.getOrComputeIfAbsent(NamespaceAwareStore.java:61)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension.getTestContextManager(SpringExtension.java:294)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension.beforeAll(SpringExtension.java:113)
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeBeforeAllCallbacks$8(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:368)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.invokeBeforeAllCallbacks(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:368)
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.before(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:192)
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.before(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:78)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$5(NodeTestTask.java:136)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$7(NodeTestTask.java:129)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:137)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:127)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:126)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:84)
	at java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1249)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.invokeAll(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:38)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$5(NodeTestTask.java:143)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$7(NodeTestTask.java:129)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:137)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:127)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:126)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:84)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.submit(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:32)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestExecutor.execute(HierarchicalTestExecutor.java:57)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestEngine.execute(HierarchicalTestEngine.java:51)
	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:108)
	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:88)
	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.lambda$execute$0(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:54)
	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.withInterceptedStreams(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:67)
	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:52)
	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:96)
	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:75)
	at com.intellij.junit5.JUnit5IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit5IdeaTestRunner.java:71)
	at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:33)
	at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:235)
	at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:54)

二、解决办法

        1、项目的结构图如下：

        2、单元测试代码


@SpringBootTest
public class ApplicationTest {

    @Autowired
    private IndexController indexController;

    @Test
    void contextLoads() {
        final String res = indexController.index("哈哈哈");
        System.out.println("res ===" + res);
        System.out.println("===== over ");
    }
}

        3、造成报错的原因是：

        测试类型ApplicationTest 和 BooUnitTestApplication 不在同一包下。

com.example.boounittest.BooUnitTestApplication

com.haha.ApplicationTest

        4、解决办法有 三种，如下：

  • 测试类包名，调整到和启动类一致。（调整为：com.example.boounittest.ApplicationTest）
  • @SpringBootTest注解，配置启动类：@SpringBootTest(classes = BooUnitTestApplication.class)
  • @ContextConfiguration注解：配置启动类 ： @ContextConfiguration(classes = BooUnitTestApplication.class)

        5、完整代码如下：


/**
 * Description: 模拟 单元测试异常
 * <br> 和启动类 BooUnitTestApplication ，不在一个包下 ,会引起抛出异常：
 * <br>  java.lang.IllegalStateException: Unable to find a @SpringBootConfiguration, you need to use @ContextConfiguration or @SpringBootTest(classes=...) with your test
 *
 * <br> 解决办法如下：
 * 1. 办法一：测试类报名，改为和 启动类一致 （改为： BooUnitTestApplication 类的报名）
 * 2. 办法二： @SpringBootTest注解，配置启动类 【 @SpringBootTest(classes = BooUnitTestApplication.class) 】
 * 3. 办法三： @ContextConfiguration注解：配置启动类  【  @ContextConfiguration(classes = BooUnitTestApplication.class) 】
 * @author wu
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 2022/10/28 22:00
 */
//@ContextConfiguration(classes = BooUnitTestApplication.class)
@SpringBootTest
//@SpringBootTest(classes = BooUnitTestApplication.class)
public class ApplicationTest {

    @Autowired
    private IndexController indexController;

    @Test
    void contextLoads() {
        final String res = indexController.index("哈哈哈");
        System.out.println("res ===" + res);
        System.out.println("===== over ");
    }

}

三、总结

        1、关于造成报错的原因，可以参考这一篇博文：https://www.jianshu.com/p/1b80e5c4bb02

        2、示例代码使用的Spring Boot版本是：2.4.12

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