[矩阵论] householder矩阵的行列式为-1

存在householder矩阵 $H=I-2u{u}^H$
证明：
$$det(H)=-1$$

先证引理：
有$A\in C^{n\times m}$, $B\in C^{m\times n}$
$${\lambda }^m|I_n-AB|={\lambda }^n|I_m-BA|$$
其中，$\lambda$为任意数，不是特征值

$$\left[\begin{array}{cc}{I}_m& -A\\ O& I_n\end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{cc}\lambda I_m& A\\ B& I_n\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{cc}\lambda I_m-AB& O\\ B& I_n\end{array}\right]$$

$$\left[\begin{array}{cc}{I}_m& O\\ -\frac{1}{\lambda }B& I_n\end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{cc}\lambda I_m& A\\ B& I_n\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{cc}\lambda I_m& A\\ O& I_n-\frac{1}{\lambda }BA\end{array}\right]$$

搞成行列式：

$$\left|\begin{array}{cc}{I}_m& -A\\ O& I_n\end{array}\right|\left|\begin{array}{cc}\lambda I_m& A\\ B& I_n\end{array}\right|=\left|\begin{array}{cc}\lambda I_m-AB& O\\ B& I_n\end{array}\right|$$

$$\left|\begin{array}{cc}{I}_m& O\\ -\frac{1}{\lambda }B& I_n\end{array}\right|\left|\begin{array}{cc}\lambda I_m& A\\ B& I_n\end{array}\right|=\left|\begin{array}{cc}\lambda I_m& A\\ O& I_n-\frac{1}{\lambda }BA\end{array}\right|$$

显然：
$$\left|\begin{array}{cc}\lambda I_m-AB& O\\ B& I_n\end{array}\right|=\left|\begin{array}{cc}\lambda I_m& A\\ O& I_n-\frac{1}{\lambda }BA\end{array}\right|$$

即：
$$|\lambda I_m-AB|=|\lambda I_m||I_n-\frac{1}{\lambda }BA|={\lambda }^m|I_n-\frac{1}{\lambda }BA|={\lambda }^m\frac{1}{{\lambda }^n}|\lambda I_n-BA|$$

引理证毕

则在
$${\lambda }^m|I_n-AB|={\lambda }^n|I_m-BA|$$
中，令
$$\lambda =1$$
$$A=2u$$
$$B=u^H$$
有：
$$|I_n-2u{u}^H|=|I_1-2u^{H}u|$$

显然，$I_1=1$, $u^{H}u=1$
则上式为-1，注意“$|.|$”，不是绝对值，而是一个一阶的行列式

$$det(H)=-1$$