C++ 引用的好处

3维向量类Vector3

Vector3.h：

#pragma once
#include <iostream>
class Vector3
{
private:
	double x;
	double y;
	double z;
public:
	Vector3();
	Vector3(double x, double y, double z);
	Vector3(const Vector3 &v);
	double X(void) const{ return x; }
	double Y(void) const{ return y; }
	double Z(void) const{ return z; }
	double norm(void) const;
	void normalize(void);
	Vector3 operator+(const Vector3 &v) const;
	Vector3 operator-(const Vector3 &v) const;
	Vector3 operator*(const double n) const;
	Vector3 operator/(const double n) const;
	Vector3 & operator=(const Vector3 &v);
	friend Vector3 operator*(const double n, const Vector3 &v);
	friend std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream &os, const Vector3 &v);
	~Vector3();
};

Vector3.cpp:

#include <cmath>
#include "Vector3.h"

Vector3::Vector3()
{
    x = y = z = 0.0;
}
Vector3::Vector3(double X,double Y,double Z)
{
    x = X; y = Y; z = Z;
}
Vector3::Vector3(const Vector3 &v)
{
    x = v.x; y = v.y; z = v.z;
    std::cout << "copy constructor called" << std::endl;
}
void Vector3::normalize(void)
{
    double norm;
    norm = sqrt(x*x + y*y + z*z);
    x = x / norm;