numpy基础——numpy.sum

numpy.sum

numpy.sum(a, axis=None, dtype=None, out=None, keepdims=

Parameters:

a : array_like
Elements to sum.

axis : None or int or tuple of ints, optional
Axis or axes along which a sum is performed. The default, axis=None, will sum all of the elements of the input array. If axis is negative it counts from the last to the first axis.
New in version 1.7.0.
If axis is a tuple of ints, a sum is performed on all of the axes specified in the tuple instead of a single axis or all the axes as before.

dtype : dtype, optional
The type of the returned array and of the accumulator in which the elements are summed. The dtype of a is used by default unless a has an integer dtype of less precision than the default platform integer. In that case, if a is signed then the

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import numpy as np from sklearn import datasets from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression np.random.seed(10) class Newton(object): def init(self,epochs=50): self.W = None self.epochs = epochs def get_loss(self, X, y, W,b): """ 计算损失 0.5sum(y_pred-y)^2 input: X(2 dim np.array):特征 y(1 dim np.array):标签 W(2 dim np.array):线性回归模型权重矩阵 output:损失函数值 """ #print(np.dot(X,W)) loss = 0.5np.sum((y - np.dot(X,W)-b)2) return loss def first_derivative(self,X,y): """ 计算一阶导数g = (y_pred - y)*x input: X(2 dim np.array):特征 y(1 dim np.array):标签 W(2 dim np.array):线性回归模型权重矩阵 output:损失函数值 """ y_pred = np.dot(X,self.W) + self.b g = np.dot(X.T, np.array(y_pred - y)) g_b = np.mean(y_pred-y) return g,g_b def second_derivative(self,X,y): """ 计算二阶导数 Hij = sum(X.T[i]X.T[j]) input: X(2 dim np.array):特征 y(1 dim np.array):标签 output:损失函数值 """ H = np.zeros(shape=(X.shape[1],X.shape[1])) H = np.dot(X.T, X) H_b = 1 return H, H_b def fit(self, X, y): """ 线性回归 y = WX + b拟合,牛顿法求解 input: X(2 dim np.array):特征 y(1 dim np.array):标签 output:拟合的线性回归 """ self.W = np.random.normal(size=(X.shape[1])) self.b = 0 for epoch in range(self.epochs): g,g_b = self.first_derivative(X,y) # 一阶导数 H,H_b = self.second_derivative(X,y) # 二阶导数 self.W = self.W - np.dot(np.linalg.pinv(H),g) self.b = self.b - 1/H_bg_b print("itration:{} ".format(epoch), "loss:{:.4f}".format( self.get_loss(X, y , self.W,self.b))) def predict(): """ 需要自己实现的代码 """ pass def normalize(x): return (x - np.min(x))/(np.max(x) - np.min(x)) if name == "main": np.random.seed(2) X = np.random.rand(100,5) y = np.sum(X3 + X**2,axis=1) print(X.shape, y.shape) # 归一化 X_norm = normalize(X) X_train = X_norm[:int(len(X_norm)*0.8)] X_test = X_norm[int(len(X_norm)*0.8):] y_train = y[:int(len(X_norm)0.8)] y_test = y[int(len(X_norm)0.8):] # 牛顿法求解回归问题 newton=Newton() newton.fit(X_train, y_train) y_pred = newton.predict(X_test,y_test) print(0.5np.sum((y_test - y_pred)**2)) reg = LinearRegression().fit(X_train, y_train) y_pred = reg.predict(X_test) print(0.5np.sum((y_test - y_pred)**2)) ——修改代码中的问题,并补全缺失的代码,实现牛顿最优化算法
06-13

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