关于FFMPEG踩过的一些坑（ffmpeg：视频无损转码黑屏，视频转码失真，手机拍摄的视频转码角度旋转）

FFMPEG转码优化篇

在解决以上问题之前都需要通过ffmpeg对视频的的编码，属性，以及各种参数有一个大致的了解。

通过命令解析视频获取视频参数

ffprobe -v quiet -print_format json -show_format -show_streams  test.mp4

获取的参数格式大致如下：

{
    "streams": [
        {
            "index": 0,
            "codec_name": "h264",
            "codec_long_name": "H.264 / AVC / MPEG-4 AVC / MPEG-4 part 10",
            "profile": "Baseline",
            "codec_type": "video",
            "codec_time_base": "65899/3932160",
            "codec_tag_string": "avc1",
            "codec_tag": "0x31637661",
            "width": 720,
            "height": 480,
            "coded_width": 720,
            "coded_height": 480,
            "has_b_frames": 0,
            "sample_aspect_ratio": "1:1",
            "display_aspect_ratio": "3:2",
            "pix_fmt": "yuv420p",
            "level": 30,
            "chroma_location": "left",
            "refs": 1,
            "is_avc": "true",
            "nal_length_size": "4",
            "r_frame_rate": "30/1",
            "avg_frame_rate": "1966080/65899",
            "time_base": "1/16384",
            "start_pts": 0,
            "start_time": "0.000000",
            "duration_ts": 65899,
            "duration": "4.022156",
            "bit_rate": "491008",
            "bits_per_raw_sample": "8",
            "nb_frames": "120",
            "disposition": {
                "default": 1,
                "dub": 0,
                "original": 0,
                "comment": 0,
                "lyrics": 0,
                "karaoke": 0,
                "forced": 0,
                "hearing_impaired": 0,
                "visual_impaired": 0,
                "clean_effects": 0,
                "attached_pic": 0,
                "timed_thumbnails": 0
            },
            "tags": {
                "rotate": "90",
                "language": "eng",
                "handler_name": "VideoHandler"
            },
            "side_data_list": [
                {
                    "side_data_type": "Display Matrix",
                    "displaymatrix": "\n00000000:            0       65536
     0\n00000001:       -65536           0           0\n00000002:            0
         0  1073741824\n",
                    "rotation": -90
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "index": 1,
            "codec_name": "aac",
            "codec_long_name": "AAC (Advanced Audio Coding)",
            "profile": "LC",
            "codec_type": "audio",
            "codec_time_base": "1/44100",
            "codec_tag_string": "mp4a",
            "codec_tag": "0x6134706d",
            "sample_fmt": "fltp",
            "sample_rate": "44100",
            "channels": 2,
            "channel_layout": "stereo",
            "bits_per_sample": 0,
            "r_frame_rate": "0/0",
            "avg_frame_rate": "0/0",
            "time_base": "1/44100",
            "start_pts": 0,
            "start_time": "0.000000",
            "duration_ts": 178385,
            "duration": "4.045011",
            "bit_rate": "112697",
            "max_bit_rate": "128000",
            "nb_frames": "175",
            "disposition": {
                "default": 1,
                "dub": 0,
                "original": 0,
                "comment": 0,
                "lyrics": 0,
                "karaoke": 0,
                "forced": 0,
                "hearing_impaired": 0,
                "visual_impaired": 0,
                "clean_effects": 0,
                "attached_pic": 0,
                "timed_thumbnails": 0
            },
            "tags": {
                "language": "eng",
                "handler_name": "SoundHandler"
            }
        }
    ],
    "format": {
        "filename": "1.mp4",
        "nb_streams": 2,
        "nb_programs": 0,
        "format_name": "mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2",
        "format_long_name": "QuickTime / MOV",
        "start_time": "0.000000",
        "duration": "4.069000",
        "size": "309658",
        "bit_rate": "608813",
        "probe_score": 100,
        "tags": {
            "major_brand": "isom",
            "minor_version": "512",
            "compatible_brands": "isomiso2avc1mp41",
            "encoder": "Lavf57.71.100"
        }
    }
}

一，转码清晰度问题（无损转码黑屏，转码失真）

在我们转码时使用一般命令会发现转码之后画面失真，清晰度变差，我们可以增加使用-vcodec copy指令来解决该问题，该指令的意思就是将视频的原画面直接拷贝过来，不会出现失真现象，使用该指令转码速度也会大大提升。

该指令存在一个问题，有时会出现转码之后画面黑屏，只有声音没有画面的现象。

通过命令解析视频获取视频源文件参数

ffprobe -v quiet -print_format json -show_format -show_streams  test.mp4

注意观察codec_long_name参数，如果包含AVC说明该视频为h264编码格式，则支持-vcodec copy,否则不支持，所以会出现转码黑屏的现象。这时为了最大限度的减少清晰度的损失，使用-q:v:0.01。

二.手机拍摄的视频转码角度旋转。

手机竖屏拍摄的视频在电脑上会发现视频的角度出现了问题

同样使用指令解析获取视频参数，参数中会有一个rotate的属性，该属性代表视频被旋转的角度。

此时我们使用转码命令-metadata:s:v rotate=90，将视频角度旋转即可。