Longest Valid Parentheses（最长有效括号）

Given a string containing just the characters '(' and ')', find the length of the longest valid (well-formed) parentheses substring.

Example 1:

Input: "(()"
Output: 2
Explanation: The longest valid parentheses substring is "()"

Example 2:

Input: ")()()"
Output: 4
Explanation: The longest valid parentheses substring is "()()"

1、暴力

public class Solution {
    /*
    判断子字符串是否有效
    **/
    public boolean isValid(String s) {
        //栈操作
        Stack<Character> stack = new Stack<Character>();
        for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
            if (s.charAt(i) == '(') {
                stack.push('(');
            } else if (!stack.empty() && stack.peek() == '(') {
                stack.pop();
            } else {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return stack.empty();
    }
    public int longestValidParentheses(String s) {
        int maxlen = 0;
        //所有字串进行判断，取最长
        for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
            for (int j = i + 2; j <= s.length(); j+=2) {
                if (isValid(s.substring(i, j))) {
                    maxlen = Math.max(maxlen, j - i);
                }
            }
        }
        return maxlen;
    }
}

 

2、动态规划

 

public class Solution {
    public int longestValidParentheses(String s) {
        int maxans = 0;
        int dp[] = new int[s.length()];
        for (int i = 1; i < s.length(); i++) {
            if (s.charAt(i) == ')') {
                if (s.charAt(i - 1) == '(') {
                    dp[i] = (i >= 2 ? dp[i - 2] : 0) + 2;
                } else if (i - dp[i - 1] > 0 && s.charAt(i - dp[i - 1] - 1) == '(') {
                    dp[i] = dp[i - 1] + ((i - dp[i - 1]) >= 2 ? dp[i - dp[i - 1] - 2] : 0) + 2;
                }
                maxans = Math.max(maxans, dp[i]);
            }
        }
        return maxans;
    }
}

3、左右扫描

我们利用两个计数器 leftleft 和 rightright 。首先，我们从左到右遍历字符串，对于遇到的每个 \text{‘(’}‘(’，我们增加 leftleft 计算器，对于遇到的每个 \text{‘)’}‘)’ ，我们增加 rightright 计数器。每当 leftleft 计数器与 rightright 计数器相等时，我们计算当前有效字符串的长度，并且记录目前为止找到的最长子字符串。如果 rightright 计数器比 leftleft 计数器大时，我们将 leftleft 和 rightright 计数器同时变回 00 。

public class Solution {
    public int longestValidParentheses(String s) {
        int left = 0, right = 0, maxlength = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
            if (s.charAt(i) == '(') {
                left++;
            } else {
                right++;
            }
            if (left == right) {
                maxlength = Math.max(maxlength, 2 * right);
            } else if (right >= left) {
                left = right = 0;
            }
        }
        left = right = 0;
        for (int i = s.length() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
            if (s.charAt(i) == '(') {
                left++;
            } else {
                right++;
            }
            if (left == right) {
                maxlength = Math.max(maxlength, 2 * left);
            } else if (left >= right) {
                left = right = 0;
            }
        }
        return maxlength;
    }
}