MySQL主从复制搭建

Ⅰ、环境说明

1、两台服务器（centos8）

2、MySQL版本号 8.0.21

Ⅱ、安装两台MySQL

注意主从MySQL版本要一致

1、获取安装包并安装

wget https://repo.mysql.com/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm

rpm -ivh mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm  

yum install mysql-server -y

2、初始化MySQL

# 初始化MySQL
mysqld --initialize

3、启停MySQL并设置开机自启

• mysql启 / 停 / 重启

service mysqld start / stop  / restart

• 查看MySQL运行状态

 service mysqld status 

• 设置MySQL开启自启

systemctl enable mysqld
systemctl daemon-reload

4、更改root用户密码

①、先查看MySQL的root用户的默认密码

sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysql/mysqld.log

②、使用刚才的密码登录MySQL

mysql -u root -p

③、更改root用户密码：

mysql> ALTER user 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'wenpan';
mysql> flush privileges; 
mysql> quit; 

再次使用 mysql -uroot -p 登陆 mysql，密码就是刚刚修改的密码了。

④、设置允许远程连接

mysql安装完毕后root账户默认不能远程连接！

mysql -u root -p
mysql>use mysql;
mysql>select host,user from user;
mysql>update user set host = '%' where user ='root';
mysql>flush privileges;
mysql>select host,user from user;

5、创建一个用户并授权

并不是所有客户端都通过root账户连接MySQL，这里我们可以创建一个用户，并给他授予相应的权限（后面会用到）！

CREATE USER '用户名'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '密码';
# 这里授予所有权限，可自己配置
GRANT ALL ON *.* TO '用户名'@'%';

可参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/remixnameless/p/13462937.html

Ⅲ、搭建主从

①、主从复制原理

②、修改主服务器master配置

可在该配置文件中配置主从复制具体需要复制哪些库！

 # vi /etc/my.cnf
 [mysqld]
 log-bin=mysql-bin   # [必须]启用二进制日志
 server-id=26      # [必须]服务器唯一ID，默认是1，一般取IP最后一段

③、修改从服务器slave配置

可在该配置文件中配置主从复制具体需要复制哪些库！

  # vi /etc/my.cnf
  [mysqld]
  # 启用binlog并指定存储目录和文件名，可自己指定二进制日志目录
  log-bin=mysql-bin   # [不是必须]启用二进制日志
  server-id=98      # [必须]服务器唯一ID，默认是1，一般取IP最后一段

④、重启两台服务器的mysql

systemctl  restart mysqld

⑤、查看主服务器master状态

mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |      156 |              |                  |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

⑥、配置从服务器

指定master的主机，用户名和密码，日志文件等！

# 从服务器上输入如下命令：
mysql> change master to master_host='xx.xx.xx.xx',master_user='wenpan',master_password='wenpan',
         master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',master_log_pos=156;
# 启动从服务器复制功能
mysql> start slave;

⑦、查看从服务器状态

注意：Slave_IO_Running及 Slave_SQL_Running 进程必须正常运行，即YES状态，否则都是错误的状态(如：其中一个NO均属错误)。

以上操作过程，主从服务器配置完成。

mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: xx.xx.xx.xx # 主服务器ip地址
                  Master_User: wenpan # 授权帐户名，尽量避免使用root
                  Master_Port: 3306 # 数据库端口，部分版本没有此行
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 156 # 同步读取二进制日志的位置，大于等于Exec_Master_Log_Pos
               Relay_Log_File: iZuf60p2g1civuyg9sj9o4Z-relay-bin.000005
                Relay_Log_Pos: 324
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes # 此状态必须YES
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes # 此状态必须YES
              Replicate_Do_DB: 
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 156
              Relay_Log_Space: 551
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 245
                  Master_UUID: 5ed68047-356f-11eb-a490-00163e06f9c9
             Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind: 
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
               Master_SSL_Crl: 
           Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 
            Executed_Gtid_Set: 
                Auto_Position: 0
         Replicate_Rewrite_DB: 
                 Channel_Name: 
           Master_TLS_Version: 
       Master_public_key_path: 
        Get_master_public_key: 0
            Network_Namespace: 
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

⑧、测试

1、在master上顺序执行下面语句

 mysql> create database project_test;
 mysql> use project_test;
 mysql> create table project_test(id int(4),name char(10));
 mysql> insert into project_test values(001,'wenpan');

2、从服务器上验证

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| project_test       |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> use project_test

mysql> select * from project_test;
+------+--------+
| id   | name   |
+------+--------+
|    1 | wenpan |
+------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

完毕！！！