Servlet响应

Servlet响应

浏览器访问服务器后，服务器给客户端响应的数据会封装为ServletResponse对象，它有一个子类叫HttpServletResponse对象，用于封装按照Http协议封装的响应数据。

1.响应状态码

状态码	状态
100	只有请求的一部分已经被服务器接收，但只要它没有被拒绝，客户端应继续该请求
200	请求成功
302	重定向，所请求的页面已经临时转移到一个新的 URL
304	访问缓存，所请求的页面已经临时转移到一个新的 URL
404	客户端错误，请求路径服务器没有对应的资源
405	客户端错误，请求方式找不到对应的方法
500	服务端错误，可能服务器内部有异常

• 使用字符流响应数据

@WebServlet("/servletResponseDemo1")
public class ServletResponseDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //设置响应编码
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        //输出响应数据
        resp.getWriter().println("<h1>你好，这是一个响应消息</h1>");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

• 使用字节流响应数据

@WebServlet("/servletResponseDemo2")
public class ServletResponseDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //设置响应编码
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        //输出响应数据
        ServletOutputStream outputStream = resp.getOutputStream();
        outputStream.write("你好世界".getBytes("utf-8"));
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

3.响应图片

在web/img目录下放一张a.jpeg图片，把图片中所有的字节响应给客户端。

@WebServlet("/servletResponseDemo3")
public class ServletResponseDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //获取输出流对象
        ServletOutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream();
        //获取文件的绝对路径
        String imgPath = getServletContext().getRealPath("img/a.jpeg");
        //获取输入流对象
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(imgPath);
        byte[] bs=new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len=fis.read(bs))!=-1){
            out.write(bs,0,len);
        }
        fis.close();
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

5.设置定时刷新

定时刷新：过了指定时间后，页面自动进行跳转

@WebServlet("/servletResponseDemo5")
public class ServletResponseDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.setHeader("Refresh","3;url=/day03_Servlet/login.html");
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        resp.getWriter().println("你好世界 三秒钟跳转到登录页面");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

6.重定向

重定向和请求转发不太一样，请求转发是只有一个请求，而重定向有两次请求。所以重定向不能通过请求域共享数据，只有在同一个请求链中才能通过请求域中心数据。

@WebServlet("/servletResponseDemo6")
public class ServletResponseDemo6 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        //重定向到servletResponseDemo5
        //resp.sendRedirect(req.getContextPath()+"/servletResponseDemo5");    
//也可以使用下面两个方法，完成重定向；302表示重定向的状态码
    resp.setStatus(302);
    resp.setHeader("location",req.getContextPath()+"/servletResponseDemo5");
}

@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    doGet(req, resp);
}
    }

7.文件下载

写一个html页面，点击图片开始下载

<a href="/day03_Servlet/servletResponseDemo7">点击下载图片</a> 

写以Servlet处理下载的请求，给客户端响应一张图片

@WebServlet("/servletResponseDemo7")
public class ServletResponseDemo7 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //准备要下载的图片
        File file=new File("img/a.jpeg");

        //设置响应头，告诉浏览器以附件形式接受
        resp.setHeader("content-disposition","attachment;filename="+file.getName());

        //获取输出流对象
        ServletOutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream();
        //获取文件的绝对路径
        String imgPath = getServletContext().getRealPath(file.getPath());
        //获取输入流对象
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(imgPath);
        byte[] bs=new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len=fis.read(bs))!=-1){
            out.write(bs,0,len);
        }
        fis.close();
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}