Linq中的递归查询——根据Id和ParentId查询某单位下的子孙单位

1、前言

最近在项目中遇到一个问题：根据某单位的Id查询该单位及其下属的所有子孙单位。这是一个典型的根据Id和ParentId进行递归查询的场景，下面就来说一说如何在Linq中实现它。

2、递归查询

新建一个Entity类，代码如下：

using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace App
{
    public class Entity
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 单位Id
        /// </summary>
        public int Id { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 父单位Id
        /// </summary>
        public int ParentId { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 单位名称
        /// </summary>
        public string Name { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 子节点
        /// </summary>
        public List<Entity> Entities { get; set; }
    }
}

递归查询代码如下：

using Newtonsoft.Json;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;

namespace App
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            List<Entity> list = new List<Entity>();
            list.Add(new Entity { Id = 1, ParentId = 0, Name = "总公司" });
            list.Add(new Entity { Id = 2, ParentId = 1, Name = "子公司A" });
            list.Add(new Entity { Id = 3, ParentId = 1, Name = "子公司B" });
            list.Add(new Entity { Id = 4, ParentId = 2, Name = "部门A1" });
            list.Add(new Entity { Id = 5, ParentId = 2, Name = "部门A2" });
            list.Add(new Entity { Id = 6, ParentId = 3, Name = "部门B1" });
            list.Add(new Entity { Id = 7, ParentId = 3, Name = "部门B2" });

            // 查询
            int id = 1;
            Entity entity = GenerateEntityNode(list, id);

            // 打印
            string json = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(entity, Formatting.Indented);
            Console.WriteLine(json);
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        // 递归查询
        static Entity GenerateEntityNode(List<Entity> list, int id)
        {
            // 查询本单位
            Entity entity = list.Where(p => p.Id == id).FirstOrDefault();
            if (entity == null)
            {
                return entity;
            }

            // 查询子单位
            entity.Entities = list.Where(p => p.ParentId == id).ToList();

            // 对子单位进行递归
            foreach (var item in entity.Entities)
            {
                GenerateEntityNode(list, item.Id);
            }
            return entity;
        }
    }
}

运行结果如下所示：

{
    "Id": 1,
    "ParentId": 0,
    "Name": "总公司",
    "Entities": [
        {
            "Id": 2,
            "ParentId": 1,
            "Name": "子公司A",
            "Entities": [
                {
                    "Id": 4,
                    "ParentId": 2,
                    "Name": "部门A1",
                    "Entities": []
                },
                {
                    "Id": 5,
                    "ParentId": 2,
                    "Name": "部门A2",
                    "Entities": []
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "Id": 3,
            "ParentId": 1,
            "Name": "子公司B",
            "Entities": [
                {
                    "Id": 6,
                    "ParentId": 3,
                    "Name": "部门B1",
                    "Entities": []
                },
                {
                    "Id": 7,
                    "ParentId": 3,
                    "Name": "部门B2",
                    "Entities": []
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
}

如果设置int id = 2，则运行结果如下所示：

{
    "Id": 2,
    "ParentId": 1,
    "Name": "子公司A",
    "Entities": [
        {
            "Id": 4,
            "ParentId": 2,
            "Name": "部门A1",
            "Entities": []
        },
        {
            "Id": 5,
            "ParentId": 2,
            "Name": "部门A2",
            "Entities": []
        }
    ]
}