Shell 脚本调用另一个 Shell 脚本的三种方式

Shell 脚本调用另一个 Shell 脚本的三种方式:

1. fork (/directore/script2.sh)
   1. 该方式会重新启动一个shell来执行script2.sh
   2. 新的shell执行script2.sh时，主shell依旧存在
   3. 新的shell会继承主shell的环境变量，新的shell执行完后不会将自己的环境变量交付给主shell
   4. 新的shell执行完后，控制权交回给主shell，继续执行主shell后面的code
2. source (source /directory/script2.sh)
   1. 该方式不会重新启动一个shell来执行script2.sh
   2. script2.sh 直接在主shell中执行
   3. script2.sh 继续使用在主shell存在的环境变量
   4. 执行完script2.sh之后，继续执行主shell后面的code
3. exec (exec /directory/script2.sh)
   1. 该方式不会重新启动一个shell来执行script2.sh
   2. script2.sh 直接在主shell中执行
   3. script2.sh 继续使用在主shell存在的环境变量
   4. 执行完script2.sh之后，不再执行主shell后面的code

可以通过下面这两个脚本来体会三种调用方式的不同:
main.sh

  1 #!/bin/bash
  2 
  3 
  4 A=B
  5 
  6 
  7 echo "INFO: PID of main.sh before exec / source / fork: $$"
  8 
  9 
 10 export A
 11 echo "INFO: main.sh: \$A: $A"
 12 
 13 
 14 case $1 in
 15         exec)
 16                 echo "INFO: Shell call usage of exec"
 17                 exec ./called.sh ;;
 18         source)
 19                 echo "INFO: Shell call usage of source"
 20                 . ./called.sh ;;
 21         *)
 22                 echo "INFO: Shell call usage of default(fork)"
 23                 ./called.sh ;;
 24 esac
 25 
 26 
 27 echo "INFO: PID of main.sh after exec / source / fork: $$"
 28 echo "INFO: main.sh: \$A: $A"

called.sh

  1 #!/bin/bash
  2 
  3 
  4 echo "INFO: PID of called.sh: $$"
  5 
  6 
  7 echo "INFO: called.sh getS \$A = $A from main.sh"
  8 
  9 
 10 A=C
 11 export A
 12 echo "INFO: called.sh: \$A: $A"

执行结果：

boyang@localhost: 17:43 ~/boyang/temp # ./main.sh 
INFO: PID of main.sh before exec / source / fork:23255
INFO: main.sh: $A: B
INFO: Shell call usage of default(fork)
INFO: PID of called.sh: 23262
INFO: called.sh getS $A = B from main.sh
INFO: called.sh: $A: C
INFO: PID of main.sh after exec / source / fork:23255
INFO: main.sh: $A: B

boyang@localhost: 17:43 ~/boyang/temp # source ./main.sh
INFO: PID of main.sh before exec / source / fork:23286
INFO: main.sh: $A: B
INFO: Shell call usage of source
INFO: PID of called.sh: 23286
INFO: called.sh getS $A = B from main.sh
INFO: called.sh: $A: C
INFO: PID of main.sh after exec / source / fork:23286
INFO: main.sh: $A: C

boyang@localhost: 17:43 ~/boyang/temp # exec ./main.sh
INFO: PID of main.sh before exec / source / fork:23300
INFO: main.sh: $A: B
INFO: Shell call usage of exec
INFO: PID of called.sh: 23300
INFO: called.sh getS $A = B from main.sh
INFO: called.sh: $A: C

转自：神勇小白鼠的博客
在shell脚本中调用另一个脚本的三种不同方法(fork, exec, source) - 鼠穴 - OSCHINA - 中文开源技术交流社区