Swift的基本知识(一)

1、常量与变量的定义

在swift中，常量的命名用let关键字来创建，变量的命名用关键字var来创建

  //常量的命名
        let name = "HelloWorld"
        print("常量是：\(name)")
        //变量的命名
        var nickName = String()
        nickName = "Bird"
        print("变量是：\(nickName)")

输出：

常量是： HelloWorld
变量是： Bird

2、字符串串接及类型转换

在swift中，支持“＋”运算符，用它可以对两个字符串进行连接

   let label = "the width is "
        let width = 94
        let widthLabel = label + String(width);
        print(widthLabel);

输出：

the width is 94

3、数组和字典

在swift中，数组和字典都使用“［］”中括符，并且可以通过索引或key／value的方式存储。

  //数组
        var array = ["d","df","cs","ea","fees"]
        print(array)
        //利用索引对数组进行修改
        array[1] = "ABC"
        print(array)

 输出：

["d", "df", "cs", "ea", "fees"]
["d", "ABC", "cs", "ea", “fees”]

 // 字典
        var dictionary = [String:String]();
        dictionary["adc"] = "ADC"
        dictionary["aaa"] = "AAA"
        print(dictionary)

输出：

["aaa": "AAA", "adc": “ADC”]

//数组中的增删改查
        var arr = ["a","b","c","d","e","f"]   
        //增加某个元素
        arr.append("AA")
        print(arr)
        arr.append(contentsOf: ["1","2","3"])
        print(arr)
        arr.insert("ABC", at: 5)
        print(arr)
        arr.insert(contentsOf: ["AAAAA","BBBBB","CCCCC"], at: 3)
        print(arr)
        //删除序号处的元素
        arr.remove(at: 2)
        print(arr)
        //全部删除
        arr.removeAll()
        print(arr)
        //改
        arr = ["ABC","ABD","ABF","ABE","ABG","ABH"]
        print(arr)
        arr[2] = "11111"
        print(arr)
        arr.replaceSubrange(1...3, with: ["222","333","444","555"])
        print(arr)
        arr.replaceSubrange(1...3, with: ["BMW"])
        print(arr)
        //数组的长度
        print(arr.count)
        //遍历数组
        for ele in arr{
            print(ele)
        }

输出：

["a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "AA"]
["a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "AA", "1", "2", "3"]
["a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "ABC", "f", "AA", "1", "2", "3"]
["a", "b", "c", "AAAAA", "BBBBB", "CCCCC", "d", "e", "ABC", "f", "AA", "1", "2", "3"]
["a", "b", "AAAAA", "BBBBB", "CCCCC", "d", "e", "ABC", "f", "AA", "1", "2", "3"]
[]
["ABC", "ABD", "ABF", "ABE", "ABG", "ABH"]
["ABC", "ABD", "11111", "ABE", "ABG", "ABH"]
["ABC", "222", "333", "444", "555", "ABG", "ABH"]
["ABC", "BMW", "555", "ABG", "ABH"]
5
ABC
BMW
555
ABG
ABH

  //swift中字典的运用
        var dict : [String:String] = ["a":"1","b":"2"]
        //添加
        dict["c"] = "3"
        print(dict)
        dict["c"] = "333"
        print(dict)
        
        dict .removeValue(forKey: "c")
        print(dict)
        
        dict.updateValue("AAAAA", forKey: "a")
        print(dict)
        let abc = Array(dict.keys)
        let abc1 = Array(dict.values)
        print("\(abc)==\(abc1)");

输出：

["b": "2", "a": "1", "c": "3"]
["b": "2", "a": "1", "c": "333"]
["b": "2", "a": "1"]
["b": "2", "a": "AAAAA"]
["b", "a"]==["2", “AAAAA”]