Python程序的基本流程控制

初学python，以下是一些简单的流程和例子。

# 3.2 顺序结构:
"""
dad = int(input("请输入爸爸的年龄："))
son = int(input("请输入儿子的年龄："))
difference = dad -son
print("爸爸与儿子的年龄差为", difference)
"""
# 例3-1
"""
chinese = float(input("请输入您的语文成绩："))
math = float(input("请输入您的数学成绩："))
english = float(input("请输入您的英语成绩："))
average = (chinese+math+english)/3
print("您的平均成绩为：%.1f" % average)
"""
# 例3-2(Π=pi)
"""
import math
radius = float(input("请输入圆的半径："))
circumference = 2*math.pi*radius
area = math.pi*radius*radius
print("圆的周长为：%.2f" % circumference)
print("圆的面积为：%.2f" % area)
"""
# 例3-3
"""
import calendar
year = int(input("请输入年份："))
table = calendar.calendar(year)
print(table)
"""
# 3.3.1 if语句
"""
name = input("请输入您的姓名：")
age = int(input("请输入您的年龄："))
if age>=18:
    print(name, "已经成年")
    print("符合驾照考试规定")
"""
# 3.3.2 if-elif-else语句
"""
#多分支if结构
name = input("请输入您的姓名：")
chinese = float(input("请输入语文成绩："))
math = float(input("请输入数学成绩："))
english = float(input("请输入英语成绩："))
average = (chinese+math+english)/3
if average >= 85:
    print(name, "获一等奖")
elif average >= 75:
    print(name, "获二等奖")
elif average >= 60:
    print(name, "获三等奖")
else: print(name, "没有获奖")
"""

# 双分支if结构
"""
name = input("请输入您的姓名：")
score = float(input("请输入您的成绩："))
if score >= 60:
    print(name,"通过考试")
    print("可以获得证书")
else:
    print(name,"未通过考试")
    print("不能获得整数")
"""


# 例3-4
"""
number=int(input("请输入一个整形数据："))
if number%2==0:
    print(number, "是一个偶数")
"""

# 例3-5
"""
side1=float(input("请输入三角形第一条边："))
side2=float(input("请输入三角形第二条边："))
side3=float(input("请输入三角形第三条边："))
if(side1+side2>side3)and(side2+side3>side1)and(side1+side3>side2):
    print(side1,side2,side3,"可以构成三角形")
else:
    print(side1,side2,side3,"不能构成三角形")
"""

# 例3-6
"""
import random
randnumber=random.randint(1,10)
guess=int(input("请输入您的猜测："))
if guess>randnumber:
    print("您的猜测太大")
elif guess<randnumber:
    print("您的猜测太小")
else:
    print("恭喜您答对了")
"""

# 3.3.3分层语句嵌套
"""
sex=input("请输入您的性别(M或者F):")
age=int(input("请输入您的年龄(1-120):"))
if sex == 'M':
    if age>=22:
        print("到达合法结婚年龄")
    else:
        print("未到合法结婚年龄")
else:
    if age>=20:
        print("到达合法结婚年龄")
    else:
        print("未到合法结婚年龄")
"""

# 例3-7
"""
username = input("请输入您的用户名：")
password = input("请输入您的密码:")
if username == "admin":
    if password == "123456":
        print("输入正确，恭喜进入！")
    else:
        print("密码有误，请重试！")
else:
    print("用户名有误，请重试！")
"""

# 例3-8
"""
first=float(input("请输入第一个数字："))
second=float(input("请输入第二个数字："))
sign=input("请输入运算符号：")
if sign=='+':
    print("两数之和为：",first+second)
elif sign=='-':
    print("两数之差为：",first-second)
elif sign=='*':
    print("两数之积为：",first*second)
elif sign=='/':
    if second!=0:
        print("两数之商为：",first/second)
    else:
        print("除数为0错误！")
else:
    print("符号输入有误！")
"""

# 3.4.1循环结构：while语句
"""
time=8
while time<12:
    print("有效次数内")
    time=time+1
else:
    print("计次已满")
"""

# 例3-9
"""
number = 1
count = 0
while number <= 1000:
    if number % 3 == 0 and number % 7 == 0:
        count = count+1
    number = number + 1
print("同时能够被数字3和7整除的数字个数为：", count)
"""
# 例3-10
"""
import math
n = 1
t = 1
total = 0
flag = 1
while math.fabs(t) >= 1e-6:
    total = total + t
    flat = -flag
    n = n+2
    t = flag*1.0/n
print("Π=%f" % (total*4))
"""
# 3.4.2循环结构for(外置)、range(内置)语句
"""
word = "Hello"
for iNum in word:
    print(iNum, end=" ")  # end值的双引号中为一个空格

merge = [25, "hello", 12.8, "A"]
for iNum in merge:
    print(iNum, end=" ")  # 用空格隔开了每个元素

word = '山羊上山山碰山羊角'
sum = 0
for letter in word:
    if letter == '山':
        sum += 1
print(sum)  # 输出了这句话里"山"字的个数

for iNum in range(4, 10, 2):  # 起始数,结束数,步长
    print(iNum, end=" ")  #左闭右开不包括10

for iNum in range(10, 2, -2):
    print(iNum, end="  ")  # end里面写啥用啥间隔

for iNum in range(5):  #起始省略默认是0，结束数为5，步长默认1，左闭右开输出01234
    print(iNum, end=" ")
"""
# 例3-11
"""
total = 0
for iNum in range(1, 10001, 1):
    total = total+iNum
print("1-10000的总和为：", total)
"""
# 例3-12
"""
for iNum in ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D']:
    if(iNum != 'A')+(iNum == 'C')+(iNum == "D")+(iNum != 'D')+(iNum != 'D') == 3:
        print(iNum, "做了好事！")
"""
# 3.4.3 循环语句嵌套
"""
for i in range(1, 3):  # 左闭右开取到1、2
    for j in range(1, 4):  # 左闭右开取1、2、3
        print(i*j, end=" ")
"""
# 例3-13[九九乘法表]
"""
for i in range(1, 10):
    for j in range(1, 10):
        print("%s*%s=%2s" % (i, j, i*j), end="\t")  #\t表示跳到下一个制表位
    print("\n")
"""
# 例3-14
"""
for i in range(1, 6):
    for j in range(5-i):
        print(" ", end=" ")
    for j in range(1, 2*i):
        print("*", end=" ")
    print("\n")
"""
# 例3-15
"""
for qing in range(10):
    for long in range(10):
        for shan in range(10):
            for wai in range(10):
                if (qing==long or qing==shan or qing==wai \
                        or long==shan or long==wai or shan==wai):
                    continue
                elif (qing*1000+long*100+shan*10+wai==
                    shan*100+wai*10+shan+qing*100+long*10+shan):
                    print('qing=%d,long=%d,shan=%d,wai=%d' \
                          %(qing, long, shan, wai))
                    break
"""
# 3.4.4转移和中断语句
# (1)break语句
"""
import random
point=random.randint(1,6)
count=1
while count<=3:
    guess=int(input("请输入您的猜测："))
    if guess>point:
        print("您的猜测偏大")
    elif guess>point:
        print("您的猜测偏小")
    else:
        print("恭喜您猜对了")
        break
    count=count+1
else:
    print("很遗憾，三次全猜错了")
"""
# 针对死循环的半路循环
"""
number=1
while 1:
    print("Python是一门编程语言")
    if number>=5:
        break
    number=number+1
"""
# (2)continue语句
# 例3-17
"""
sentence = input("请输入一段文字：")
for word in sentence:
    if word == "密":
        continue
    print(word, end="")
"""
# 例3-18
"""
while 1:
    password=input("请输入密码：")
    if len(password)<6:
        print("长度为6位，请重试！")
    if len(password)>6:
        print("长度为6位，请重试！")  # 写长写短都不行。
        continue
    if password=="123456":
        print("恭喜您，密码正确！")
        break
    else:
        print("密码有误，请重试！")
"""