Java---学习（3）

        我们这节看下怎么创建spring MVC项目，通过MAVEN来创建项目，Spring MVC项目的创建需要引用第三方的组件，包括Spring-MVC,配置Tomact服务器等。

      1.Spring MVC项目创建

        打开esclipse,选择菜单 File–>New–Project，选择maven，创建项目，如下图

       

        点击下一步，选择创建目录

       

       点击下一步

      

       点击下一步,输入项目名称，GroupId表示项目的组织名称，Artifact Id表示项目名称，一个GroupId下面可以有多个项目

      

        点击完成后，项目创建成功，目录结构如下图

      

       默认情况下 src/main/Java目录结构可能不存在，可以通过New–>Source Folder创建，

       如果创建不成功，右键选中项目–属性，找到java-bulid-path面板，选择Source选项卡，如果选项卡中已经存在，并且显示红色叉号，可以先删除，然后就可以创建了。

       如下图：

         

        2.项目文件配置

          POM.XML文件

          POM.XML文件是MAVEN的项目管理文件，通过在文件中配置可以自动引用第三方jar包。我们创建Spring MVC,需要引用spring相关组件，我们可以添加如下 spring组件配置信息。如下:

       

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1. <project xmlns=“http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0” xmlns:xsi=“http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance”  
2.   xsi:schemaLocation=“http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd”>  
3.   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>  
4.   <groupId>com.springmvc</groupId>  
5.   <artifactId>springmvcfirst</artifactId>  
6.   <packaging>war</packaging>  
7.   <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>  
8.   <name>springmvcfirst Maven Webapp</name>  
9.   <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>  
10.   <dependencies>  
11. <!– http servlet配置 –>  
12.   <dependency>  
13.     <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>  
14.     <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>  
15.     <version>3.1.0</version>  
16. </dependency>  
17.   <!– spring mvc web组件配置 –>  
18.   <dependency>  
19.     <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
20.     <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>  
21.     <version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version>  
22. </dependency>  
23.   <!– spring 组件配置 –>  
24.   <dependency>  
25.     <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
26.     <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>  
27.     <version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version>  
28. </dependency>  
29.     
30.     
31.     <dependency>  
32.       <groupId>junit</groupId>  
33.       <artifactId>junit</artifactId>  
34.       <version>3.8.1</version>  
35.       <scope>test</scope>  
36.     </dependency>  
37.   </dependencies>  
38.   <build>  
39.     <finalName>springmvcfirst</finalName>  
40.   </build>  
41. </project>  

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.springmvc</groupId>
  <artifactId>springmvcfirst</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>springmvcfirst Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  <dependencies>
<!-- http servlet配置 -->
  <dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
    <version>3.1.0</version>
</dependency>
  <!-- spring mvc web组件配置 -->
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
    <version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
  <!-- spring 组件配置 -->
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
    <version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>


    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <finalName>springmvcfirst</finalName>
  </build>
</project>

            关于组件的配置信息，可以在 http://mvnrepository.com/这个地方搜索

 web.xml文件，web.xml是整个srping.mvc网站的全局配置文件，包括springmvc的配置,spring的具体配置，

       

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1. <?xml version=“1.0” encoding=“UTF-8”?>    
2.   
3. <web-app xmlns=“http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee”  
4.       xmlns:xsi=“http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance”  
5.       xsi:schemaLocation=”http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee   
6.       http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd”  
7.       version=“3.1”>  
8.         
9.   <display-name>Spring MvC First</display-name>  
10.   <description>Spring MvC First</description>  
11.     
12.    <!– Spring配置–>  
13.          <context-param>  
14.              <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>  
15.              <param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value>  
16.          </context-param>  
17.            
18.     
19.   <!– 字符集 过滤器  –>    
20.     <filter>    
21.         <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>    
22.         <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>    
23.         <init-param>    
24.             <param-name>encoding</param-name>    
25.             <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>    
26.         </init-param>    
27.         <init-param>    
28.             <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>    
29.             <param-value>true</param-value>    
30.         </init-param>    
31.     </filter>    
32.     <filter-mapping>    
33.         <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>    
34.         <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>    
35.     </filter-mapping>    
36.       
37.       <!– Spring监听 –>  
38.          <listener>  
39.              <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>  
40.          </listener>  
41.       
42.       
43.   <!– Spring view分发器 –>    
44.     <servlet>    
45.         <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>    
46.         <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>    
47.         <init-param>    
48.             <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>    
49.             <param-value>/WEB-INF/dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value>    
50.         </init-param>    
51.         <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>    
52.     </servlet>    
53.     <!– 请求后缀 –>  
54.     <servlet-mapping>    
55.         <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>    
56.         <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>    
57.     </servlet-mapping>    
58. </web-app>  

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee 
      http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
      version="3.1">

  <display-name>Spring MvC First</display-name>
  <description>Spring MvC First</description>

   <!-- Spring配置-->
         <context-param>
             <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
             <param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
         </context-param>


  <!-- 字符集 过滤器  -->  
    <filter>  
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>  
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>  
        <init-param>  
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>  
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>  
        </init-param>  
        <init-param>  
            <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>  
            <param-value>true</param-value>  
        </init-param>  
    </filter>  
    <filter-mapping>  
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>  
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>  
    </filter-mapping>  

      <!-- Spring监听 -->
         <listener>
             <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
         </listener>


  <!-- Spring view分发器 -->  
    <servlet>  
        <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>  
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>  
        <init-param>  
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>  
            <param-value>/WEB-INF/dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value>  
        </init-param>  
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>  
    </servlet>  
    <!-- 请求后缀 -->
    <servlet-mapping>  
        <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>  
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>  
    </servlet-mapping>  
</web-app>

   dispatcher-servlet.xml文件是专门针对spring mvc的配置，里面有对页面路径，后缀访问的配置，改文件的名称是有<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>  节点的值加上-servlet.xml组成.

 

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1. <?xml version=“1.0” encoding=“UTF-8”?>  
2. <beans xmlns=“http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans”     
3.        xmlns:aop=“http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop”     
4.        xmlns:context=“http://www.springframework.org/schema/context”    
5.        xmlns:mvc=“http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc”     
6.        xmlns:tx=“http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx”     
7.        xmlns:xsi=“http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance”    
8.        xsi:schemaLocation=”http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop     
9.         http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd     
10.         http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans     
11.         http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd     
12.         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context     
13.         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd     
14.         http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc     
15.         http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd     
16.         http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx     
17.         http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd”>    
18.     
19.     <mvc:annotation-driven />    
20.     <context:component-scan base-package=“com.springfirst.Controller” />    
21.     
22.   <!– ②：启动Spring MVC的注解功能，完成请求和注解POJO的映射 –>  
23.     <bean class=“org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter”/>  
24.       
25.     <bean class=“org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver”>    
26.         <property name=“prefix” value=“/WEB-INF/views/” />    
27.         <property name=“suffix” value=“.jsp” />    
28.     </bean>    
29.     
30. </beans>    

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"   
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"   
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"   
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"   
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop   
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd   
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans   
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd   
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context   
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd   
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc   
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd   
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx   
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd">  

    <mvc:annotation-driven />  
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.springfirst.Controller" />  

  <!-- ②：启动Spring MVC的注解功能，完成请求和注解POJO的映射 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter"/>

    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">  
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" />  
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />  
    </bean>  

</beans>  

applicationContext.xml

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1. <?xml version=“1.0” encoding=“UTF-8”?>  
2. <beans xmlns=“http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans”  
3.     xmlns:xsi=“http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance” xmlns:context=“http://www.springframework.org/schema/context”  
4.     xmlns:aop=“http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop” xmlns:p=“http://www.springframework.org/schema/p”  
5.     xmlns:cache=“http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache” xmlns:repo=“http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/repository”  
6.     xmlns:tx=“http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx” xmlns:jpa=“http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa”  
7.     xsi:schemaLocation=”http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd  
8.         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd  
9.         http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd  
10.         http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.3.xsd  
11.         http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/repository http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/repository/spring-repository-1.7.xsd  
12.         http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd  
13.             http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache.xsd ”  
14.     default-lazy-init=“true”>  
15.   
16.     <description>Spring配置</description>  
17.   
18.   
19.     
20. </beans>  

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache" xmlns:repo="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/repository"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/repository http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/repository/spring-repository-1.7.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache.xsd "
    default-lazy-init="true">

    <description>Spring配置</description>



</beans>

      这几个配置文件是spirng mvc的核心配置文件。以后我们需要增加更多配置可以在这几个文件里面添加。
       

    3.添加控制器和页面

       控制器controller是对用户处理请求的， 控制器接受用户的输入并调用模型和视图去完成用户的需求，我们开看看怎样添加控制器

       右键选中src/main/java,  new–>Class,如下图

       

        代码如下

       

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1. package com.springfirst.Controller;  
2.   
3. import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;  
4. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;  
5.   
6. @Controller  
7. @RequestMapping(“/Home”)  
8. public class HomeController {  
9.   
10.     @RequestMapping(value=“index”)  
11.     public String Index()  
12.     {  
13.         System.out.print(“123”);  
14.         return “index”;  
15.     }  
16. }  

package com.springfirst.Controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/Home")
public class HomeController {

    @RequestMapping(value="index")
    public String Index()
    {
        System.out.print("123");
        return "index";
    }
}

      添加页面，在WEB-INF文件夹下创建views文件夹，添加ndex.jsp页面,,右键选中文件夹  new–>jsp..flle

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1. <%@ page language=“java” contentType=“text/html; charset=UTF-8”  
2.     pageEncoding=“UTF-8”%>  
3. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC ”-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd”>  
4. <html>  
5. <head>  
6. <meta http-equiv=“Content-Type” content=“text/html; charset=UTF-8”>  
7. <title>Insert title here</title>  
8. </head>  
9. <body>  
10.   Hello World,我的第一个spring mvc项目  
11. </body>  
12. </html>  

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
  Hello World,我的第一个spring mvc项目
</body>
</html>

   4.运行项目

          项目创建完成后，我们要看到预览效果，这里我们使用tomcat服务器运行页面。首先去tomcat官网下载tomcat服务器，然后我们按如下步骤添加。

          找到菜单windows–>server->run environment,点击add添加

          

                 

               添加完成后，在Servers,中添加tomcat服务器.如下图

                 

   启动服务器，右键选中服务器，点击Start, 启动，  然后在浏览器中输入地址就可以

  http://localhost:8092/springmvcfirst/Home/index

   

   项目结构图

   

代码下载  http://download.csdn.net/detail/zx13525079024/9513659