文章目录
三角函数公式
弧、面积公式
l = α ⋅ r S = 1 2 α r 2 = 1 2 l r \begin{aligned} l=\alpha \cdot r \qquad S=\frac12\alpha r^2=\frac12 l \, r \end{aligned} l=α⋅rS=21αr2=21lr
升降幂公式
( sin α + cos α ) 2 = 1 + 2 sin α cos α ( sin α − cos α ) 2 = 1 − 2 sin α cos α (\sin\alpha + \cos\alpha)^2 = 1 + 2\sin\alpha\ \cos\alpha \qquad (\sin\alpha - \cos\alpha)^2 = 1 - 2\sin\alpha\ \cos\alpha (sinα+cosα)2=1+2sinα cosα(sinα−cosα)2=1−2sinα cosα
诱导公式
sin
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k
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sin
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cos
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cos
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tan
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\begin{aligned} \sin (2k \pi + \alpha) &= \sin \alpha & \cos (2k \pi + \alpha) &= \cos \alpha & \tan (2k \pi + \alpha) &= \tan \alpha\\ \end{aligned}
sin(2kπ+α)=sinαcos(2kπ+α)=cosαtan(2kπ+α)=tanα
sin
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−
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=
sin
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cos
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tan
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sin
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cos
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tan
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sin
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cos
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cos
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tan
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tan
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\begin{aligned} \sin ( \pi - \alpha) &= \sin \alpha & \cos ( \pi - \alpha) &= -\cos \alpha & \tan ( \pi - \alpha) &= -\tan \alpha\\ \sin ( - \alpha) &= -\sin \alpha & \cos ( - \alpha) &= \cos \alpha & \tan ( - \alpha) &= -\tan \alpha\\ \sin ( \pi + \alpha) &= -\sin \alpha & \cos ( \pi + \alpha) &= -\cos \alpha & \tan ( \pi + \alpha) &= \tan \alpha\\ \end{aligned}
sin(π−α)sin(−α)sin(π+α)=sinα=−sinα=−sinαcos(π−α)cos(−α)cos(π+α)=−cosα=cosα=−cosαtan(π−α)tan(−α)tan(π+α)=−tanα=−tanα=tanα
sin
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π
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cos
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sin
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π
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cos
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cos
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cos
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sin
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tan
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cot
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tan
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cot
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cot
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\begin{aligned} \sin ( \frac\pi2 - \alpha) &= \cos \alpha & \sin ( \frac\pi2 + \alpha) &= \cos \alpha &\\ \cos ( \frac\pi2 - \alpha) &= \sin \alpha & \cos ( \frac\pi2 + \alpha) &= -\sin \alpha &\\ \tan ( \frac\pi2 - \alpha) &= \cot \alpha & \tan ( \frac\pi2 + \alpha) &= -\cot \alpha &\\ \cot ( \frac\pi2 - \alpha) &= \tan \alpha & \cot ( \frac\pi2 + \alpha) &= -\tan \alpha &\\ \end{aligned}
sin(2π−α)cos(2π−α)tan(2π−α)cot(2π−α)=cosα=sinα=cotα=tanαsin(2π+α)cos(2π+α)tan(2π+α)cot(2π+α)=cosα=−sinα=−cotα=−tanα
sin
(
3
π
2
−
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=
−
cos
α
sin
(
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π
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cos
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cos
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sin
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cos
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tan
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cot
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tan
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cot
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cot
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tan
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cot
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tan
α
\begin{aligned} \sin ( \frac{3\pi}2 - \alpha) &= -\cos \alpha & \sin ( \frac{3\pi}2 + \alpha) &= -\cos \alpha &\\ \cos ( \frac{3\pi}2 - \alpha) &= -\sin \alpha & \cos ( \frac{3\pi}2 + \alpha) &= \sin \alpha &\\ \tan ( \frac{3\pi}2 - \alpha) &= -\cot \alpha & \tan ( \frac{3\pi}2 + \alpha) &= -\cot \alpha &\\ \cot ( \frac{3\pi}2 - \alpha) &= \tan \alpha & \cot ( \frac{3\pi}2 + \alpha) &= -\tan \alpha &\\ \end{aligned}
sin(23π−α)cos(23π−α)tan(23π−α)cot(23π−α)=−cosα=−sinα=−cotα=tanαsin(23π+α)cos(23π+α)tan(23π+α)cot(23π+α)=−cosα=sinα=−cotα=−tanα
两角和差公式
sin ( α + β ) = sin α cos β + cos α sin β sin ( α − β ) = sin α cos β − cos α sin β cos ( α + β ) = cos α cos β − sin α sin β cos ( α − β ) = cos α cos β + sin α sin β tan ( α + β ) = tan α + tan β 1 − tan α tan β tan ( α − β ) = tan α − tan β 1 + tan α tan β \begin{aligned} \sin (\alpha + \beta) &= \sin\alpha\ \cos\beta + \cos\alpha\ \sin\beta & \sin (\alpha - \beta) &= \sin\alpha\ \cos\beta - \cos\alpha\ \sin\beta \\ \cos (\alpha + \beta) &= \cos\alpha\ \cos\beta - \sin\alpha\ \sin\beta & \cos (\alpha - \beta) &= \cos\alpha\ \cos\beta + \sin\alpha\ \sin\beta \\ \tan (\alpha + \beta) &= \frac{\tan\alpha + \tan\beta}{1 - \tan\alpha\ \tan\beta} & \tan (\alpha - \beta) &= \frac{\tan\alpha - \tan\beta}{1 + \tan\alpha\ \tan\beta} \\ \end{aligned} sin(α+β)cos(α+β)tan(α+β)=sinα cosβ+cosα sinβ=cosα cosβ−sinα sinβ=1−tanα tanβtanα+tanβsin(α−β)cos(α−β)tan(α−β)=sinα cosβ−cosα sinβ=cosα cosβ+sinα sinβ=1+tanα tanβtanα−tanβ
倍角公式
sin 2 α = 2 sin α cos α cos 2 α = cos 2 α − sin 2 α = 2 cos 2 α − 1 = 1 − 2 sin 2 α tan 2 α = 2 tan α 1 − tan 2 α \begin{aligned} \sin 2\alpha &= 2\sin\alpha\ \cos\alpha \\ \cos 2\alpha &= \cos^2\alpha - \sin^2\alpha = 2\cos^2\alpha-1 = 1-2\sin^2\alpha \\ \tan 2\alpha &= \frac{2\tan\alpha}{1 - \tan^2\alpha} \\ \end{aligned} sin2αcos2αtan2α=2sinα cosα=cos2α−sin2α=2cos2α−1=1−2sin2α=1−tan2α2tanα
半角公式
sin α 2 = ± 1 − cos α 2 cos α 2 = ± 1 + cos α 2 tan α 2 = ± 1 − cos α 1 + cos α tan α 2 = sin α 1 + cos α = 1 − cos α sin α \begin{aligned} \sin \frac\alpha2 &= \pm \sqrt{\frac{1 - \cos\alpha}{2}} \\ \cos \frac\alpha2 &= \pm \sqrt{\frac{1 + \cos\alpha}{2}} \\ \tan \frac\alpha2 &= \pm \sqrt{\frac{1 - \cos\alpha}{1 + \cos\alpha}} \\ \tan \frac\alpha2 &= \frac{\sin\alpha}{1 + \cos\alpha}= \frac{1 - \cos\alpha}{\sin\alpha} \\ \end{aligned} sin2αcos2αtan2αtan2α=±21−cosα=±21+cosα=±1+cosα1−cosα=1+cosαsinα=sinα1−cosα
积化和差
sin α cos β = 1 2 [ sin ( α + β ) + sin ( α − β ) ] cos α sin β = 1 2 [ sin ( α + β ) − sin ( α − β ) ] cos α cos β = 1 2 [ cos ( α + β ) + cos ( α − β ) ] sin α sin β = − 1 2 [ cos ( α + β ) − cos ( α − β ) ] \begin{aligned} \sin\alpha\ \cos\beta&=\frac12\left[\sin(\alpha+\beta)+\sin(\alpha-\beta)\right] & \cos\alpha\ \sin\beta&=\frac12\left[\sin(\alpha+\beta)-\sin(\alpha-\beta)\right] \\ \cos\alpha\ \cos\beta&=\frac12\left[\cos(\alpha+\beta)+\cos(\alpha-\beta)\right] & \sin\alpha\ \sin\beta&=-\frac12\left[\cos(\alpha+\beta)-\cos(\alpha-\beta)\right] \\ \end{aligned} sinα cosβcosα cosβ=21[sin(α+β)+sin(α−β)]=21[cos(α+β)+cos(α−β)]cosα sinβsinα sinβ=21[sin(α+β)−sin(α−β)]=−21[cos(α+β)−cos(α−β)]
和差化积
sin α + sin β = 2 sin α + β 2 sin α − β 2 sin α − sin β = 2 sin α + β 2 sin α − β 2 cos α + cos β = 2 cos α + β 2 cos α − β 2 cos α − cos β = − 2 cos α + β 2 cos α − β 2 \begin{aligned} \sin\alpha + \sin\beta&=2\sin\frac{\alpha+\beta}2\ \sin\frac{\alpha-\beta}2 & \sin\alpha - \sin\beta&=2\sin\frac{\alpha+\beta}2\ \sin\frac{\alpha-\beta}2 \\ \cos\alpha + \cos\beta&=2\cos\frac{\alpha+\beta}2\ \cos\frac{\alpha-\beta}2 & \cos\alpha - \cos\beta&=-2\cos\frac{\alpha+\beta}2\ \cos\frac{\alpha-\beta}2 \\ \end{aligned} sinα+sinβcosα+cosβ=2sin2α+β sin2α−β=2cos2α+β cos2α−βsinα−sinβcosα−cosβ=2sin2α+β sin2α−β=−2cos2α+β cos2α−β
辅助角公式
a sin α + b cos α = a 2 + b 2 sin ( α + φ ) ( cos φ = a a 2 + b 2 , sin φ = b a 2 + b 2 , tan φ = b a ) a\sin\alpha + b\cos\alpha=\sqrt{a^2+b^2}\sin(\alpha+\varphi)\\ \left(\cos\varphi=\frac a{\sqrt{a^2+b^2}}, \ \sin\varphi=\frac b{\sqrt{a^2+b^2}}, \ \tan\varphi=\frac ba\right) asinα+bcosα=a2+b2sin(α+φ)(cosφ=a2+b2a, sinφ=a2+b2b, tanφ=ab)
三倍角公式
sin 3 α = 3 sin α − 4 sin 3 α = 4 sin α sin ( π 3 − α ) sin ( π 3 + α ) cos 3 α = 4 cos 3 α − 3 cos α = 4 cos α cos ( π 3 − α ) cos ( π 3 + α ) cos 3 α = 3 tan α − tan 3 α 1 − 3 tan 2 α = 4 tan α tan ( π 3 − α ) tan ( π 3 + α ) \begin{aligned} \sin 3\alpha &= 3\sin\alpha - 4\sin^3\alpha = 4\sin\alpha\ \sin(\frac\pi3 - \alpha)\ \sin(\frac\pi3 + \alpha) \\ \cos 3\alpha &= 4\cos^3\alpha - 3\cos\alpha = 4\cos\alpha\ \cos(\frac\pi3 - \alpha)\ \cos(\frac\pi3 + \alpha) \\ \cos 3\alpha &= \frac{3\tan\alpha-\tan^3\alpha}{1-3\tan^2\alpha} = 4\tan\alpha\ \tan(\frac\pi3 - \alpha)\ \tan(\frac\pi3 + \alpha) \\ \end{aligned} sin3αcos3αcos3α=3sinα−4sin3α=4sinα sin(3π−α) sin(3π+α)=4cos3α−3cosα=4cosα cos(3π−α) cos(3π+α)=1−3tan2α3tanα−tan3α=4tanα tan(3π−α) tan(3π+α)
正余切和差
tan α + cot α = 1 sin α cos α = 2 sin 2 α tan α − cot α = sin 2 α − cos 2 α sin α cos α = − 2 cos 2 α sin 2 α = − 2 cot 2 α \begin{aligned} \tan\alpha + \cot\alpha &= \frac1{\sin\alpha\ \cos\alpha} = \frac2{\sin 2\alpha}\\ \tan\alpha - \cot\alpha &= \frac{\sin^2\alpha\ - \cos^2\alpha}{\sin\alpha\ \cos\alpha} = \frac{-2\ \cos{2\alpha}}{\sin 2\alpha} = -2\ \cot{2\alpha}\\ \end{aligned} tanα+cotαtanα−cotα=sinα cosα1=sin2α2=sinα cosαsin2α −cos2α=sin2α−2 cos2α=−2 cot2α
万能公式
sin α = 2 tan α 2 1 + tan 2 α 2 cos α = 1 − tan 2 α 2 1 + tan 2 α 2 tan α = 2 tan α 2 1 − tan 2 α 2 \begin{aligned} \sin\alpha &= \frac{2\tan\displaystyle\frac{\alpha}{2}}{1 + \tan^2\displaystyle\frac{\alpha}{2}} & \cos\alpha &= \frac{1 - \tan^2\displaystyle\frac{\alpha}{2}}{1 + \tan^2\displaystyle\frac{\alpha}{2}} & \tan\alpha &= \frac{2\tan\displaystyle\frac{\alpha}{2}}{1 - \tan^2\displaystyle\frac{\alpha}{2}} \\ \end{aligned} sinα=1+tan22α2tan2αcosα=1+tan22α1−tan22αtanα=1−tan22α2tan2α
降幂公式
sin 2 α = 1 − cos 2 α 2 cos 2 α = 1 + cos 2 α 2 sin α cos α = sin 2 α 2 \begin{aligned} \sin^2\alpha &= \frac{1 - \cos2\alpha}2 & \cos^2\alpha &= \frac{1 + \cos2\alpha}2 & \sin\alpha\ \cos\alpha &= \frac{\sin 2\alpha}2 \\ \end{aligned} sin2α=21−cos2αcos2α=21+cos2αsinα cosα=2sin2α
三角形恒等式
在三角形
A
B
C
ABC
ABC中，
A
+
B
+
C
=
2
π
A + B + C = 2\pi
A+B+C=2π，
A
、
B
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≠
π
2
A、B、C\not=\displaystyle\frac\pi2
A、B、C=2π
sin
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cos
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C
2
tan
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cot
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\sin\frac A2 = \cos\frac{B + C}2 \qquad \tan\frac A2 = \cot\frac{B + C}2
sin2A=cos2B+Ctan2A=cot2B+C
正余弦和
sin A + sin B + sin C = 4 cos A cos B cos C cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 + 4 cos A 2 cos B 2 cos C 2 \begin{aligned} \sin A + \sin B + \sin C &= 4\cos A\ \cos B\ \cos C\\ \cos A + \cos B + \cos C &= 1 + 4\cos \frac A2\ \cos \frac B2\ \cos \frac C2 \end{aligned} sinA+sinB+sinCcosA+cosB+cosC=4cosA cosB cosC=1+4cos2A cos2B cos2C
正余弦平方和
sin 2 A + sin 2 B + sin 2 C = 2 + 2 cos A cos B cos C cos 2 A + cos 2 B + cos 2 C = 1 − 2 cos A cos B cos C \begin{aligned} \sin^2 A + \sin^2 B + \sin^2 C &= 2 + 2\cos A\ \cos B\ \cos C\\ \cos^2 A + \cos^2 B + \cos^2 C &= 1- 2\cos A\ \cos B\ \cos C \end{aligned} sin2A+sin2B+sin2Ccos2A+cos2B+cos2C=2+2cosA cosB cosC=1−2cosA cosB cosC
正余弦半角平方和
sin 2 A 2 + sin 2 B 2 + sin 2 C 2 = 1 − 2 cos A 2 cos B 2 cos C 2 cos 2 A 2 + cos 2 B 2 + cos 2 C 2 = 2 + 2 sin A 2 sin B 2 sin C 2 \begin{aligned} \sin^2 \frac A2 + \sin^2 \frac B2 + \sin^2 \frac C2 &= 1 - 2\cos \frac A2\ \cos \frac B2\ \cos \frac C2\\ \cos^2 \frac A2 + \cos^2 \frac B2 + \cos^2 \frac C2 &= 2 + 2\sin \frac A2\ \sin \frac B2\ \sin \frac C2 \end{aligned} sin22A+sin22B+sin22Ccos22A+cos22B+cos22C=1−2cos2A cos2B cos2C=2+2sin2A sin2B sin2C
正余切和积
tan A + tan B + tan C = tan A tan B tan C cot A 2 + cot B 2 + cot C 2 = cot A 2 cot B 2 cot C 2 \tan A + \tan B + \tan C = \tan A\ \tan B\ \tan C\\ \cot \frac A2 + \cot \frac B2 + \cot \frac C2 = \cot \frac A2\ \cot \frac B2\ \cot \frac C2 tanA+tanB+tanC=tanA tanB tanCcot2A+cot2B+cot2C=cot2A cot2B cot2C
n倍角公式
切比雪夫多项式
g
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g_{n+1}(x)=2x\ g_n(x)-g_{n-1}(x)
gn+1(x)=2x gn(x)−gn−1(x) 结论
cos
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2
cos
2
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−
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cos
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cos
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cos
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20
cos
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\begin{aligned} \cos 2\alpha &= 2\cos^2\alpha - 1\\ \cos 3\alpha &= 4\cos^3\alpha - 3\cos\alpha\\ \cos 4\alpha &= 8\cos^4\alpha - 8\cos^2\alpha + 1\\ \cos 5\alpha &= 16\cos^5\alpha - 20\cos^3\alpha + 5\cos\alpha\\ \end{aligned}
cos2αcos3αcos4αcos5α=2cos2α−1=4cos3α−3cosα=8cos4α−8cos2α+1=16cos5α−20cos3α+5cosα
正弦定理
a sin A = b sin B = c sin C = 2 R \frac a{\sin A} = \frac b{\sin B} = \frac c{\sin C} = 2R sinAa=sinBb=sinCc=2R
三角形面积公式
S Δ = 1 2 a b sin C = 1 2 a c sin B = 1 2 b c sin A S Δ = p ( p − a ) ( p − b ) ( p − c ) p = a + b + c 2 S Δ = 1 4 [ a 2 c 2 − ( a 2 + b 2 − c 2 2 ) 2 ] S Δ = a b c 4 R = 2 R 2 sin A sin B sin C R 为 三 角 形 外 接 圆 半 径 S Δ = 1 2 r ( a + b + c ) r 为 三 角 形 内 切 圆 半 径 \begin{aligned} S_\Delta &= \frac12\,ab\,\sin C = \frac12\,ac\,\sin B = \frac12\,bc\,\sin A\\ S_\Delta &= \sqrt{p\,(p-a)(p-b)(p-c)} & &p=\frac{a+b+c}2\\ S_\Delta &= \sqrt{\frac14\left[a^2\,c^2-(\frac{a^2+b^2-c^2}2)^2\right]}\\ S_\Delta &= \frac{abc}{4R} = 2R^2\,\sin A\,\sin B\,\sin C & R&为三角形外接圆半径\\ S_\Delta &= \frac12\,r\,(a+b+c) & r&为三角形内切圆半径\\ \end{aligned} SΔSΔSΔSΔSΔ=21absinC=21acsinB=21bcsinA=p(p−a)(p−b)(p−c)=41[a2c2−(2a2+b2−c2)2]=4Rabc=2R2sinAsinBsinC=21r(a+b+c)Rrp=2a+b+c为三角形外接圆半径为三角形内切圆半径
余弦定理
a 2 = b 2 + c 2 − 2 b c cos A cos A = b 2 + c 2 − a 2 2 b c b 2 = a 2 + c 2 − 2 a c cos B ⇔ cos B = a 2 + c 2 − b 2 2 a c c 2 = a 2 + b 2 − 2 a b cos C cos C = a 2 + b 2 − c 2 2 a b \begin{aligned} a^2=b^2+c^2-2\,bc\cos A & & \cos A=\frac{b^2+c^2-a^2}{2bc}\\ b^2=a^2+c^2-2\,ac\cos B & \qquad \Leftrightarrow & \cos B=\frac{a^2+c^2-b^2}{2ac}\\ c^2=a^2+b^2-2\,ab\cos C & & \cos C=\frac{a^2+b^2-c^2}{2ab}\\ \end{aligned} a2=b2+c2−2bccosAb2=a2+c2−2accosBc2=a2+b2−2abcosC⇔cosA=2bcb2+c2−a2cosB=2aca2+c2−b2cosC=2aba2+b2−c2
三角形形状判断
cos A cos B cos C < 0 ⇔ 钝 角 ⇔ tan A tan B < 1 cos A cos B cos C = 0 ⇔ 直 角 ⇔ tan A tan B = 1 cos A cos B cos C > 0 ⇔ 锐 角 ⇔ tan A tan B > 1 \cos A \,\cos B \,\cos C < 0 \quad\Leftrightarrow\quad 钝角 \quad\Leftrightarrow\quad \tan A\, \tan B < 1\\ \cos A \,\cos B \,\cos C = 0 \quad\Leftrightarrow\quad 直角 \quad\Leftrightarrow\quad \tan A\, \tan B = 1\\ \cos A \,\cos B \,\cos C > 0 \quad\Leftrightarrow\quad 锐角 \quad\Leftrightarrow\quad \tan A\, \tan B > 1\\ cosAcosBcosC<0⇔钝角⇔tanAtanB<1cosAcosBcosC=0⇔直角⇔tanAtanB=1cosAcosBcosC>0⇔锐角⇔tanAtanB>1
三角函数性质
正弦、余弦、正切性质
| y = sin x y=\sin x y=sinx | y = cos x y=\cos x y=cosx | y = tan x y=\tan x y=tanx | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 定义域 | R R R | R R R | $\left{x |
| 值域 | [ − 1 , 1 ] \left[-1,1\right] [−1,1] | [ − 1 , 1 ] \left[-1,1\right] [−1,1] | R R R |
| 最小正周期 | T = 2 π T=2\pi T=2π | T = 2 π T=2\pi T=2π | T = π T=\pi T=π |
| 奇偶性 | 奇函数 | 偶函数 | 奇函数 |
| 对称中心 | ( k π , 0 ) \left(k\pi,0\right) (kπ,0) | ( k π + π 2 , 0 ) \left(k\pi+\frac\pi2,0\right) (kπ+2π,0) | ( k π 2 , 0 ) \left(\frac{k\pi}2,0\right) (2kπ,0) |
| 对称轴 | x = k π + π 2 x=k\pi+\frac\pi2 x=kπ+2π | x = k π x=k\pi x=kπ | 无 |
| 最大值 | 当
x
=
2
k
π
+
π
2
x=2k\pi+\frac\pi2
x=2kπ+2π 时 y m a x = 1 y_{max}=1 ymax=1 | 当
x
=
2
k
π
x=2k\pi
x=2kπ 时 y m a x = 1 y_{max}=1 ymax=1 | 无 |
| 最小值 | 当
x
=
2
k
π
−
π
2
x=2k\pi-\frac\pi2
x=2kπ−2π 时 y m i n = − 1 y_{min}=-1 ymin=−1 | 当
x
=
2
k
π
+
π
x=2k\pi+\pi
x=2kπ+π 时 y m i n = − 1 y_{min}=-1 ymin=−1 | 无 |
| 单调增区间 | [ 2 k π − π 2 , 2 k π + π 2 ] \left[2k\pi-\frac\pi2,2k\pi+\frac\pi2\right] [2kπ−2π,2kπ+2π] | [ 2 k π − π , 2 k π ] \left[2k\pi-\pi,2k\pi\right] [2kπ−π,2kπ] | ( k π − π 2 , k π + π 2 ) \left(k\pi-\frac\pi2,k\pi+\frac\pi2\right) (kπ−2π,kπ+2π) |
| 单调减区间 | [ 2 k π + π 2 , 2 k π + 3 π 2 ] \left[2k\pi+\frac\pi2,2k\pi+\frac{3\pi}2\right] [2kπ+2π,2kπ+23π] | [ 2 k π , 2 k π + π ] \left[2k\pi,2k\pi+\pi\right] [2kπ,2kπ+π] | 无 |
| y = A sin ( ω x + φ ) y=A \sin(\omega x+\varphi) y=Asin(ωx+φ) | y = A cos ( ω x + φ ) y=A \cos(\omega x+\varphi) y=Acos(ωx+φ) | y = A tan ( ω x + φ ) y=A \tan(\omega x+\varphi) y=Atan(ωx+φ) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 最小正周期 | 2 π ∣ ω ∣ \displaystyle\frac{2\pi}{\mid\omega\mid} ∣ω∣2π | 2 π ∣ ω ∣ \displaystyle\frac{2\pi}{\mid\omega\mid} ∣ω∣2π | π ∣ ω ∣ \displaystyle\frac{\pi}{\mid\omega\mid} ∣ω∣π |
| 对称轴 | k π + π 2 − φ ω \displaystyle\frac{k\pi+\frac\pi 2-\varphi}{\omega} ωkπ+2π−φ | k π − φ ω \displaystyle\frac{k\pi-\varphi}{\omega} ωkπ−φ | 无 |
| 对称中心 | ( k π − φ ω , 0 ) \left(\displaystyle\frac{k\pi-\varphi}\omega,0\right) (ωkπ−φ,0) | ( k π + π 2 − φ ω , 0 ) \left(\displaystyle\frac{k\pi+\frac\pi 2-\varphi}\omega,0\right) (ωkπ+2π−φ,0) | ( k 2 π − φ ω , 0 ) \left(\displaystyle\frac{\frac k2 \pi-\varphi}\omega,0\right) (ω2kπ−φ,0) |
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