吐槽一句:CSDN不支持MathJax
,xymatrix
用不了好烦啊
不太想写公式整理了,所以就水一水,等有空了补全
电
静电场
库仑定律: F = k q 1 q 2 r 2 F=k\frac{q_1q_2}{r^2} F=kr2q1q2(条件:真空中、静止点电荷, k = 9.0 × 1 0 9 N ⋅ m 2 / C 2 k=9.0\times 10^9 N\cdot m^2/C^2 k=9.0×109N⋅m2/C2)
具体展开:
带电粒子电场中运动
能量: q U = Δ E k qU=\Delta E_k qU=ΔEk
偏移距离: y = 1 2 a t 2 = q U L 2 2 m d v 0 2 y=\frac 12 at^2=\frac{qUL^2}{2mdv_0^2} y=21at2=2mdv02qUL2
偏转角: tan θ = v y v x = q U L m d v 0 2 \tan \theta = \frac{v_y}{v_x} = \frac{qUL}{mdv_0^2} tanθ=vxvy=mdv02qUL
电容器
电容: C = Q U C=\frac QU C=UQ
电容决定式: C = ε r S 4 π k d C=\frac{\varepsilon_r S}{4\pi kd} C=4πkdεrS
磁
安培力: F = B I l F=BIl F=BIl(左手定则)
洛伦兹力: F = q v B F=qvB F=qvB( B ⊥ v B\perp v B⊥v)(左手定则,四指指向正电荷运动方向)
带电粒子圆周运动(洛伦兹力提供向心力): q v B = m v 2 r qvB=\frac{mv^2}r qvB=rmv2
半径: r = m v q B r=\frac{mv}{qB} r=qBmv
周期: T = 2 π m q B T=\frac{2\pi m}{qB} T=qB2πm
频率: f = B q 2 π m f = \frac{Bq}{2\pi m} f=2πmBq
角速度: ω = B q m \omega = \frac{Bq}m ω=mBq
电磁感应
磁通量: ϕ = B S \phi=BS ϕ=BS
法拉第电磁感应定律: E = n Δ ϕ Δ t = n Δ B ⋅ S Δ t E=n\frac{\Delta \phi}{\Delta t}=n\frac{\Delta B\cdot S}{\Delta t} E=nΔtΔϕ=nΔtΔB⋅S
切割磁感线电动势: E = B l v E=Blv E=Blv(右手定则)
切割磁感线所受安培力: F = B 2 l 2 v R F=\frac{B^2l^2v}{R} F=RB2l2v
转轴切割磁感线产生的电动势: E = 1 2 B l 2 ω E=\frac12 Bl^2\omega E=21Bl2ω
交变电流
中性面(线圈平面与磁场方向垂直): ϕ m = B S \phi_m=BS ϕm=BS, e = 0 e=0 e=0, i = 0 i=0 i=0
感应电动势最大值: E m = N B S ω = N ϕ m ω E_m=NBS\omega=N\phi_m \omega Em=NBSω=Nϕmω
交变电流瞬间值: e = E m sin ω t e=E_m\sin{\omega t} e=Emsinωt, u = U m sin ω t u=U_m\sin{\omega t} u=Umsinωt, i = I m sin ω t i=I_m\sin{\omega t} i=Imsinωt
交变电流有效值: E = E m 2 E=\frac{E_m}{\sqrt 2} E=2Em, U = U m 2 U=\frac{U_m}{\sqrt 2} U=2Um, I = I m 2 I=\frac{I_m}{\sqrt2} I=2Im
理想变压器: P 入 = P 出 P_入=P_出 P入=P出, U 1 U 2 = I 2 I 1 = n 1 n 2 \frac{U_1}{U_2} = \frac{I_2}{I_1} = \frac{n_1}{n_2} U2U1=I1I2=n2n1
输电损耗: P 损 = I 2 R = P 2 U 2 R P_损=I^2R=\frac{P^2}{U^2}R P损=I2R=U2P2R