Python Basic - python set (集合)、集合的操作，增查改、子集，交集，并集，父集，反向交集

前言

1. 集合：数学中的一种数据规集方法
2. 把不同的元素组合在一起，这与"列表(List)"不同，列表中可以有重复的元素，只要下标不同，存什么内容都可以，
3. 但是集合中，相同的元素会去掉，同样的数据只存一份
4. 集合对象是一组无序排序的可哈希的值：像列表，字典是一种可变的数据类型，所以是不可哈希的，所以不能充当集合的元素
5. 集合成员可以充当字典的键，因为字典的key也要求不重复，且也是通过哈希存放的。
6. 集合是无序的，所以没有索引，或者叫下标，而且也不像字典没有键，如果想查值，可以通过循环进行遍历，也可以通过“迭代器”。

集合的两大功能：

1. 去重
2. 关系测试，测试两数据之前的交集，差集，并集等关系

集合的创建

方法一：通过set()方法进行创建

set集合只能通过关键字“set()"进行创建，如果是直接通过set()方法创建，里面的字符串中的每个字符都将成为集合中单独的元素。

CreateSet = set("Tesla")
print(CreateSet)

#以下为输出的内容
"""
{'s', 'a', 'T', 'e', 'l'}
"""

可以看到上面的输出，输出为一个集合

方法二： 通过列表进行转换成set

CreateList = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask"])

CreateSet = set(CreateList)

print(CreateSet)
print(type(CreateList))
print(type(CreateSet))
"""
{'Tesla', 'Elon Mask'}
<class 'list'>
<class 'set'>
"""

测试列表充当集合的元素

CreateList = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask",[1,2]])
CreateSet = set(CreateList)

print(CreateSet)
print(type(CreateList))
print(type(CreateSet))
"""
TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'
"""

在前言中有描述，列表是可变的数据类型，所以不可哈希，所以不能转换成集合。

集合类型

可变集合(set)

可添加删除元素，但是集合的整体对象是不可哈希的，所以不能当作 字典的键，也不能做其它集合的元素

不可变集合(frozenset)

与可变集合相反

集合的操作

查

集合与字典一样，是一个无序的序列，是通过哈希后进行存储的，所以没有下标，不能创建索引或者切片操作，但可以使用for循环，in，not in 来访问或者判断集合的元素
返回为布尔类型、

CreateList = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask",1,2])
CreateSet = set(CreateList)

for i in CreateSet:
    print(i)
"""
Elon Mask
2
Tesla
1
"""

print(2 in CreateSet)
print(3 in CreateSet)
print("Tesla" in CreateSet)

"""
True
False
True
"""

增

add()

CreateList = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask",1,2])
CreateSet = set(CreateList)

print(CreateSet)

CreateSet.add("Space X")

print(CreateSet)

"""
{'Elon Mask', 1, 2, 'Tesla'}
{1, 2, 'Tesla', 'Elon Mask', 'Space X'}

"""

但是如果是添加重复的元素，结果只会显示1个，如下所示，添加了3次重复的元素，但是结果只会有一个。

CreateList = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask",1,2])
CreateSet = set(CreateList)

print(CreateSet)

CreateSet.add("Space X")
CreateSet.add("Space X")
CreateSet.add("Space X")

print(CreateSet)

"""
{'Elon Mask', 1, 2, 'Tesla'}
{1, 2, 'Tesla', 'Elon Mask', 'Space X'}

"""

update()

CreateList = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask",1,2])
CreateSet = set(CreateList)

print(CreateSet)

CreateSet.update("Solar")
CreateSet.update(["Solar System","Solar Roof","Tesla"])
print(CreateSet)

"""
{1, 2, 'Elon Mask', 'Tesla'}
{1, 2, 'Tesla', 'Solar System', 'o', 'a', 'r', 'Solar Roor', 'S', 'Elon Mask', 'l'}
"""

update是更新的意思，之前的还会存在，不会删除，新的内容增加进去，但是与add不一样的是，add是增加的无论多长当成一个元素，但是update会把字符串当成多个元素添加进去。但是可以使用列表，这样可以一次性添加多个元素，且可以把元素当成一个整体。如果有重复的就去重后再增加

删

remove()

CreateList = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask",1,2])
CreateSet = set(CreateList)

print(CreateSet)
CreateSet.remove("Tesla")
print(CreateSet)

"""
{1, 2, 'Elon Mask', 'Tesla'}
{1, 2, 'Elon Mask'}
"""

pop()

CreateList = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask",1,2])
CreateSet = set(CreateList)

print(CreateSet)
test = CreateSet.pop()
print(CreateSet)
print(test)

"""
{1, 2, 'Elon Mask', 'Tesla'}
{1, 2, 'Elon Mask'}
"""

pop()方法用于随机删除元素，括号内是不能跟参数的，跟上参数后会报错。
但是pop有返回值，所以可以使用一个变量进行接受弹出的值后可以打印出来，

clear()

CreateList = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask",1,2])
CreateSet = set(CreateList)

print(CreateSet)
CreateSet.clear()
print(CreateSet)

"""
{1, 2, 'Tesla', 'Elon Mask'}
set()
"""

清空，清空后就变成一个空集合了。

del()

CreateList = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask",1,2])
CreateSet = set(CreateList)

print(CreateSet)
del CreateSet
print(CreateSet)

"""
NameError: name 'CreateSet' is not defined
{'Elon Mask', 2, 'Tesla', 1}
"""

直接删集合了。集合就不存在了

discard()

从集合中删除某个指定的元素，这个元素得是它的集合的成员，如果不是成员则不做任何事情。

        """
        Remove an element from a set if it is a member.
        
        If the element is not a member, do nothing.
        """

CreateList = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask",1,2])
CreateList1 = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask",1,2])
CreateList2 = list([1,2])
CreateList3 = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask","Space X"])

CreateSet = set(CreateList)
CreateSet1 = set(CreateList1)
CreateSet2 = set(CreateList2)
CreateSet3 = set(CreateList3)

CreateSet.discard(2)
print(CreateSet)

"""
{'Tesla', 1, 'Elon Mask'}
"""

集合的其它操作

in 、 not in

CreateList = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask",1,2])
CreateSet = set(CreateList)
print(CreateSet)
print("Tesla" in CreateSet)
print("Space X" not in CreateSet)
print(CreateSet)

"""
{1, 2, 'Tesla', 'Elon Mask'}
True
True
{1, 2, 'Tesla', 'Elon Mask'}
"""

集合等价与不等价（==，！=）

CreateList = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask",1,2])
CreateList1 = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask",1,2])
CreateList2 = list([1,2])
CreateList3 = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask"])

CreateSet = set(CreateList)
CreateSet1 = set(CreateList1)
CreateSet2 = set(CreateList2)
CreateSet3 = set(CreateList3)

print(CreateSet == CreateSet1)
print(CreateSet1 == CreateSet2)
print(CreateSet1 != CreateSet2)

"""
True
False
True
"""

如果两个集合是等价的则返回true
如果两个集合是不等价的就返回false

子集( issubnet()、<)

CreateList = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask",1,2])
CreateList1 = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask",1,2])
CreateList2 = list([1,2])
CreateList3 = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask"])

CreateSet = set(CreateList)
CreateSet1 = set(CreateList1)
CreateSet2 = set(CreateList2)
CreateSet3 = set(CreateList3)

print(CreateSet2.issubset(CreateSet))
print(CreateSet2 < CreateSet)
print(CreateSet1 < CreateSet2)

"""
True
True
False
"""

print(CreateSet2.issubset(CreateSet))     # CreateSet2是否是CreateSet的子集，是就返回Ture,不是就返回False
print(CreateSet2 < CreateSet)				# < 与 issubset() 是相同的功能
print(CreateSet1 < CreateSet2)				# 1与2是等价的，相等的，但是在Python中，并不是子集。

并集 （union() / |）

就是求合集，两个集合合并，相同的元素删除，不同的元素放在一起。

CreateList = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask",1,2])
CreateList1 = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask",1,2])
CreateList2 = list([1,2])
CreateList3 = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask","Space X"])

CreateSet = set(CreateList)
CreateSet1 = set(CreateList1)
CreateSet2 = set(CreateList2)
CreateSet3 = set(CreateList3)

print(CreateSet.union(CreateSet3))
print(CreateSet | CreateSet3)

"""
{1, 2, 'Tesla', 'Space X', 'Elon Mask'}
{1, 2, 'Tesla', 'Space X', 'Elon Mask'}
"""

交集（&）/ intersection()

CreateList = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask",1,2])
CreateList1 = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask",1,2])
CreateList2 = list([1,2])
CreateList3 = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask","Space X"])

CreateSet = set(CreateList)
CreateSet1 = set(CreateList1)
CreateSet2 = set(CreateList2)
CreateSet3 = set(CreateList3)

print(CreateSet.intersection(CreateSet3))
print(CreateSet & CreateSet3)

"""
{'Elon Mask', 'Tesla'}
{'Elon Mask', 'Tesla'}
"""

找出两个集合中相同的元素

交集更新–intersection_update():交集后将元素覆盖原有集合元素

CreateSet 与CreateSet2 先取交集，然后再更新给CreateSet，这个更新是只保留交集的元素
“”" Update a set with the intersection of itself and another. “”"

CreateList = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask",1,2])
CreateList1 = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask",1,2])
CreateList2 = list([1,2])
CreateList3 = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask","Space X"])

CreateSet = set(CreateList)
CreateSet1 = set(CreateList1)
CreateSet2 = set(CreateList2)
CreateSet3 = set(CreateList3)

CreateSet.intersection_update(CreateSet2)
# CreateSet 与CreateSet2 先取差集，然后再从CreateSet中Remove掉
print(CreateSet)

"""
{1, 2}
"""

差集 difference() /(-)

跟数学书上讲的一样，A圈里有，B圈里没有的

CreateList = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask",1,2])
CreateList1 = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask",1,2])
CreateList2 = list([1,2])
CreateList3 = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask","Space X"])

CreateSet = set(CreateList)
CreateSet1 = set(CreateList1)
CreateSet2 = set(CreateList2)
CreateSet3 = set(CreateList3)

print(CreateSet.difference(CreateSet3))
print(CreateSet - CreateSet3)

print(CreateSet3.difference(CreateSet))
print(CreateSet3 - CreateSet)
"""
{1, 2}
{1, 2}
{'Space X'}
{'Space X'}
"""

差集更新–difference_update():从A集合中删除B集合的元素

CreateSet 与CreateSet2 先取差集，然后再从CreateSet中Remove掉
“”" Remove all elements of another set from this set. “”"

CreateList = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask",1,2])
CreateList1 = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask",1,2])
CreateList2 = list([1,2])
CreateList3 = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask","Space X"])

CreateSet = set(CreateList)
CreateSet1 = set(CreateList1)
CreateSet2 = set(CreateList2)
CreateSet3 = set(CreateList3)

CreateSet.difference_update(CreateSet2)
# CreateSet 与CreateSet2 先取差集，然后再从CreateSet中Remove掉
CreateSet1.difference_update(CreateSet3)
print(CreateSet)
print(CreateSet1)

"""
{'Tesla', 'Elon Mask'}
{1, 2}
"""

反向交集、对称差集 symmetric_difference() /(^)

a.symmetric_difference(b) 对称差集，两边都互相没有的。反向交集。

1. 先做交集
2. 把交集的元素扣掉
3. 然后再并起来
4. （A -B） 并 （B-A） = （A 并 B）- （ A 交 B ）

CreateList = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask",1,2])
CreateList3 = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask","Space X"])

CreateSet = set(CreateList)
CreateSet3 = set(CreateList3)

print(CreateSet.symmetric_difference(CreateSet3))
print(CreateSet ^ CreateSet3)

"""
{1, 2, 'Space X'}
{1, 2, 'Space X'}
"""

对称差集更新–symmetric_difference_update():对称差集后覆盖更新原集合

A与B对称交集后再覆盖更新A
“”" Update a set with the symmetric difference of itself and another. “”"

CreateList = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask",1,2])
CreateList3 = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask","Space X"])

CreateSet = set(CreateList)
CreateSet3 = set(CreateList3)
CreateSet.symmetric_difference_update(CreateSet3)
print(CreateSet)

"""
{1, 2, 'Space X'}

"""

父集(超集)–issuperset()

CreateList = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask",1,2])
CreateList1 = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask",1,2])
CreateList2 = list([1,2])
CreateList3 = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask","Space X"])

CreateSet = set(CreateList)
CreateSet1 = set(CreateList1)
CreateSet2 = set(CreateList2)
CreateSet3 = set(CreateList3)

print(CreateSet.issuperset(CreateSet2))
print(CreateSet.issubset(CreateSet2))
# CreateSet 与CreateSet2 先取差集，然后再从CreateSet中Remove掉

"""
True
False
"""

CreateSet2 是否是 CreateSet的子集，是子集就返回True

集合互斥–isdisjoint():判断A与B是否不相交

判断A集合与B集合是否没有相同的元素，如果没有相同的就返回True
“”" Return True if two sets have a null intersection. “”"

CreateList = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask",1,2])
CreateList1 = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask",1,2])
CreateList2 = list([1,2])
CreateList3 = list(["Tesla","Elon Mask","Space X"])

CreateSet = set(CreateList)
CreateSet1 = set(CreateList1)
CreateSet2 = set(CreateList2)
CreateSet3 = set(CreateList3)

print(CreateSet.isdisjoint(CreateSet2))
print(CreateSet2.isdisjoint(CreateSet3))
# CreateSet 与CreateSet2 先取差集，然后再从CreateSet中Remove掉

"""
False
True
"""