Python Basic - Time Module (时间模块）

模块名称：time

在使用前需要使用import time 将模块导入到相应的程序中

获取此模块的帮助信息

使用print(help(time)) 可获取到此模块的帮助信息

import time

print(help(time))

"""
Help on built-in module time:

NAME
    time - This module provides various functions to manipulate time values.

DESCRIPTION
    There are two standard representations of time.  One is the number
    of seconds since the Epoch, in UTC (a.k.a. GMT).  It may be an integer
    or a floating point number (to represent fractions of seconds).
    The Epoch is system-defined; on Unix, it is generally January 1st, 1970.
    The actual value can be retrieved by calling gmtime(0).
    
    The other representation is a tuple of 9 integers giving local time.
    The tuple items are:
      year (including century, e.g. 1998)
      month (1-12)
      day (1-31)
      hours (0-23)
      minutes (0-59)
      seconds (0-59)
      weekday (0-6, Monday is 0)
      Julian day (day in the year, 1-366)
      DST (Daylight Savings Time) flag (-1, 0 or 1)
    If the DST flag is 0, the time is given in the regular time zone;
    if it is 1, the time is given in the DST time zone;
    if it is -1, mktime() should guess based on the date and time.

CLASSES
    builtins.tuple(builtins.object)
        struct_time
    
    class struct_time(builtins.tuple)
     |  struct_time(iterable=(), /)
     |  
     |  The time value as returned by gmtime(), localtime(), and strptime(), and
     |  accepted by asctime(), mktime() and strftime().  May be considered as a
     |  sequence of 9 integers.
     |  
     |  Note that several fields' values are not the same as those defined by
     |  the C language standard for struct tm.  For example, the value of the
     |  field tm_year is the actual year, not year - 1900.  See individual
     |  fields' descriptions for details.
     |  
     |  Method resolution order:
     |      struct_time
     |      builtins.tuple
     |      builtins.object
     |  
     |  Methods defined here:
     |  
     |  __reduce__(...)
     |      Helper for pickle.
     |  
     |  __repr__(self, /)
     |      Return repr(self).
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Static methods defined here:
     |  
     |  __new__(*args, **kwargs) from builtins.type
     |      Create and return a new object.  See help(type) for accurate signature.
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data descriptors defined here:
     |  
     |  tm_gmtoff
     |      offset from UTC in seconds
     |  
     |  tm_hour
     |      hours, range [0, 23]
     |  
     |  tm_isdst
     |      1 if summer time is in effect, 0 if not, and -1 if unknown
     |  
     |  tm_mday
     |      day of month, range [1, 31]
     |  
     |  tm_min
     |      minutes, range [0, 59]
     |  
     |  tm_mon
     |      month of year, range [1, 12]
     |  
     |  tm_sec
     |      seconds, range [0, 61])
     |  
     |  tm_wday
     |      day of week, range [0, 6], Monday is 0
     |  
     |  tm_yday
     |      day of year, range [1, 366]
     |  
     |  tm_year
     |      year, for example, 1993
     |  
     |  tm_zone
     |      abbreviation of timezone name
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data and other attributes defined here:
     |  
     |  n_fields = 11
     |  
     |  n_sequence_fields = 9
     |  
     |  n_unnamed_fields = 0
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Methods inherited from builtins.tuple:
     |  
     |  __add__(self, value, /)
     |      Return self+value.
     |  
     |  __contains__(self, key, /)
     |      Return key in self.
     |  
     |  __eq__(self, value, /)
     |      Return self==value.
     |  
     |  __ge__(self, value, /)
     |      Return self>=value.
     |  
     |  __getattribute__(self, name, /)
     |      Return getattr(self, name).
     |  
     |  __getitem__(self, key, /)
     |      Return self[key].
     |  
     |  __getnewargs__(self, /)
     |  
     |  __gt__(self, value, /)
     |      Return self>value.
     |  
     |  __hash__(self, /)
     |      Return hash(self).
     |  
     |  __iter__(self, /)
     |      Implement iter(self).
     |  
     |  __le__(self, value, /)
     |      Return self<=value.
     |  
     |  __len__(self, /)
     |      Return len(self).
     |  
     |  __lt__(self, value, /)
     |      Return self<value.
     |  
     |  __mul__(self, value, /)
     |      Return self*value.
     |  
     |  __ne__(self, value, /)
     |      Return self!=value.
     |  
     |  __rmul__(self, value, /)
     |      Return value*self.
     |  
     |  count(self, value, /)
     |      Return number of occurrences of value.
     |  
     |  index(self, value, start=0, stop=2147483647, /)
     |      Return first index of value.
     |      
     |      Raises ValueError if the value is not present.

FUNCTIONS
    asctime(...)
        asctime([tuple]) -> string
        
        Convert a time tuple to a string, e.g. 'Sat Jun 06 16:26:11 1998'.
        When the time tuple is not present, current time as returned by localtime()
        is used.
    
    ctime(...)
        ctime(seconds) -> string
        
        Convert a time in seconds since the Epoch to a string in local time.
        This is equivalent to asctime(localtime(seconds)). When the time tuple is
        not present, current time as returned by localtime() is used.
    
    get_clock_info(...)
        get_clock_info(name: str) -> dict
        
        Get information of the specified clock.
    
    gmtime(...)
        gmtime([seconds]) -> (tm_year, tm_mon, tm_mday, tm_hour, tm_min,
                               tm_sec, tm_wday, tm_yday, tm_isdst)
        
        Convert seconds since the Epoch to a time tuple expressing UTC (a.k.a.
        GMT).  When 'seconds' is not passed in, convert the current time instead.
        
        If the platform supports the tm_gmtoff and tm_zone, they are available as
        attributes only.
    
    localtime(...)
        localtime([seconds]) -> (tm_year,tm_mon,tm_mday,tm_hour,tm_min,
                                  tm_sec,tm_wday,tm_yday,tm_isdst)
        
        Convert seconds since the Epoch to a time tuple expressing local time.
        When 'seconds' is not passed in, convert the current time instead.
    
    mktime(...)
        mktime(tuple) -> floating point number
        
        Convert a time tuple in local time to seconds since the Epoch.
        Note that mktime(gmtime(0)) will not generally return zero for most
        time zones; instead the returned value will either be equal to that
        of the timezone or altzone attributes on the time module.
    
    monotonic(...)
        monotonic() -> float
        
        Monotonic clock, cannot go backward.
    
    monotonic_ns(...)
        monotonic_ns() -> int
        
        Monotonic clock, cannot go backward, as nanoseconds.
    
    perf_counter(...)
        perf_counter() -> float
        
        Performance counter for benchmarking.
    
    perf_counter_ns(...)
        perf_counter_ns() -> int
        
        Performance counter for benchmarking as nanoseconds.
    
    process_time(...)
        process_time() -> float
        
        Process time for profiling: sum of the kernel and user-space CPU time.
    
    process_time_ns(...)
        process_time() -> int
        
        Process time for profiling as nanoseconds:
        sum of the kernel and user-space CPU time.
    
    sleep(...)
        sleep(seconds)
        
        Delay execution for a given number of seconds.  The argument may be
        a floating point number for subsecond precision.
    
    strftime(...)
        strftime(format[, tuple]) -> string
        
        Convert a time tuple to a string according to a format specification.
        See the library reference manual for formatting codes. When the time tuple
        is not present, current time as returned by localtime() is used.
        
        Commonly used format codes:
        
        %Y  Year with century as a decimal number.
        %m  Month as a decimal number [01,12].
        %d  Day of the month as a decimal number [01,31].
        %H  Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number [00,23].
        %M  Minute as a decimal number [00,59].
        %S  Second as a decimal number [00,61].
        %z  Time zone offset from UTC.
        %a  Locale's abbreviated weekday name.
        %A  Locale's full weekday name.
        %b  Locale's abbreviated month name.
        %B  Locale's full month name.
        %c  Locale's appropriate date and time representation.
        %I  Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number [01,12].
        %p  Locale's equivalent of either AM or PM.
        
        Other codes may be available on your platform.  See documentation for
        the C library strftime function.
    
    strptime(...)
        strptime(string, format) -> struct_time
        
        Parse a string to a time tuple according to a format specification.
        See the library reference manual for formatting codes (same as
        strftime()).
        
        Commonly used format codes:
        
        %Y  Year with century as a decimal number.
        %m  Month as a decimal number [01,12].
        %d  Day of the month as a decimal number [01,31].
        %H  Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number [00,23].
        %M  Minute as a decimal number [00,59].
        %S  Second as a decimal number [00,61].
        %z  Time zone offset from UTC.
        %a  Locale's abbreviated weekday name.
        %A  Locale's full weekday name.
        %b  Locale's abbreviated month name.
        %B  Locale's full month name.
        %c  Locale's appropriate date and time representation.
        %I  Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number [01,12].
        %p  Locale's equivalent of either AM or PM.
        
        Other codes may be available on your platform.  See documentation for
        the C library strftime function.
    
    thread_time(...)
        thread_time() -> float
        
        Thread time for profiling: sum of the kernel and user-space CPU time.
    
    thread_time_ns(...)
        thread_time() -> int
        
        Thread time for profiling as nanoseconds:
        sum of the kernel and user-space CPU time.
    
    time(...)
        time() -> floating point number
        
        Return the current time in seconds since the Epoch.
        Fractions of a second may be present if the system clock provides them.
    
    time_ns(...)
        time_ns() -> int
        
        Return the current time in nanoseconds since the Epoch.

DATA
    altzone = -32400
    daylight = 0
    timezone = -28800
    tzname = ('China Standard Time', 'China Daylight Time')

FILE
    (built-in)


None
"""

模块的作用

用于操作时间值

时间的表示方式

1. 时间戳，从1970年1月1日0时0分0秒型按秒计时，所以值为一个秒

时间戳表示示例

import time
print(time.time())
"""
1589247029.7109976
"""

模块内置方法

time()

自1970年1月1日0时0分0秒开始计时，返回的数字为多少秒的形式进行返回，为一个浮点型的数字。

import time
print(time.time())
"""
1589268821.8675234
"""

clock()

此方法用的不多，统计出在cpu上执行的时间总和。

sleep(#)

用于程序在执行时进入睡眠状态的时间，# 需使用数字进行替换，单位为s(秒)

gmtime()

将时间戳的时间转换为UTC时间。出来的时间为时区为0的时间，输出的为一个结构化的时间，

import time
print(time.gmtime())
"""
time.struct_time(tm_year=2020, tm_mon=5, tm_mday=12, tm_hour=7, tm_min=32, tm_sec=52, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=133, tm_isdst=0)
"""

localtime()

结构化输出本地时间。

import time
print(time.localtime())
"""
time.struct_time(tm_year=2020, tm_mon=5, tm_mday=14, tm_hour=11, tm_min=26, tm_sec=50, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=135, tm_isdst=0)
"""

strftime()

格式标准

strftime（format)的格式规定

    strftime(...)
        strftime(format[, tuple]) -> string
        
        Convert a time tuple to a string according to a format specification.
        See the library reference manual for formatting codes. When the time tuple
        is not present, current time as returned by localtime() is used.
        
        Commonly used format codes:
        
        %Y  Year with century as a decimal number.
        %m  Month as a decimal number [01,12].
        %d  Day of the month as a decimal number [01,31].
        %H  Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number [00,23].
        %M  Minute as a decimal number [00,59].
        %S  Second as a decimal number [00,61].
        %z  Time zone offset from UTC.
        %a  Locale's abbreviated weekday name.
        %A  Locale's full weekday name.
        %b  Locale's abbreviated month name.
        %B  Locale's full month name.
        %c  Locale's appropriate date and time representation.
        %I  Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number [01,12].
        %p  Locale's equivalent of either AM or PM.
        
        Other codes may be available on your platform.  See documentation for
        the C library strftime function.
        ```

示例一：

import time
print(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))
"""
2020-05-14 14:33:11
"""

示例二：

import time
print(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %z %A %B"))
"""
2020-05-14 14:37:26 +0800 Thursday May
"""

strptime()

格式标准

    strptime(...)
        strptime(string, format) -> struct_time
        
        Parse a string to a time tuple according to a format specification.
        See the library reference manual for formatting codes (same as
        strftime()).
        
        Commonly used format codes:
        
        %Y  Year with century as a decimal number.
        %m  Month as a decimal number [01,12].
        %d  Day of the month as a decimal number [01,31].
        %H  Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number [00,23].
        %M  Minute as a decimal number [00,59].
        %S  Second as a decimal number [00,61].
        %z  Time zone offset from UTC.
        %a  Locale's abbreviated weekday name.
        %A  Locale's full weekday name.
        %b  Locale's abbreviated month name.
        %B  Locale's full month name.
        %c  Locale's appropriate date and time representation.
        %I  Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number [01,12].
        %p  Locale's equivalent of either AM or PM.
        
        Other codes may be available on your platform.  See documentation for
        the C library strftime function.
    

此功能用于将一个时间转换成一个结构化时间。此方法接受两个参数，前面是时间，后面是格式。

示例一：

import time
print(time.strptime("2020-05-14 14:37:26","%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))
"""
time.struct_time(tm_year=2020, tm_mon=5, tm_mday=14, tm_hour=14, tm_min=37, tm_sec=26, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=135, tm_isdst=-1)
"""

ctime()

给定一个秒数，给你换算成时间，换算的时间为从1970年1月1日0时0分开始计算的。时区还是按当前时区。

import time
print(time.ctime())
"""
Thu May 14 15:01:38 2020
"""

print(time.ctime(300))
"""
Thu Jan  1 08:05:00 1970
"""

mktime()

格式标准

    mktime(...)
        mktime(tuple) -> floating point number
        
        Convert a time tuple in local time to seconds since the Epoch.
        Note that mktime(gmtime(0)) will not generally return zero for most
        time zones; instead the returned value will either be equal to that
        of the timezone or altzone attributes on the time module.
    

输入一个结构化时间，然后输出一个浮点型的秒的时间，

示例一

import time
print(time.mktime(time.localtime()))
print(time.time())
"""
1589440179.0
1589440179.425864
"""