PTA甲级-1016 Phone Bills (25point(s)) (电话账单)

首先,先贴柳神的博客

https://www.liuchuo.net/ 这是地址

想要刷好PTA,强烈推荐柳神的博客,和算法笔记

题目原文

A long-distance telephone company charges its customers by the following rules:

Making a long-distance call costs a certain amount per minute, depending on the time of day when the call is made. When a customer starts connecting a long-distance call, the time will be recorded, and so will be the time when the customer hangs up the phone. Every calendar month, a bill is sent to the customer for each minute called (at a rate determined by the time of day). Your job is to prepare the bills for each month, given a set of phone call records.

Input Specification:

Each input file contains one test case. Each case has two parts: the rate structure, and the phone call records.

The rate structure consists of a line with 24 non-negative integers denoting the toll (cents/minute) from 00:00 - 01:00, the toll from 01:00 - 02:00, and so on for each hour in the day.

The next line contains a positive number N (≤1000), followed by N lines of records. Each phone call record consists of the name of the customer (string of up to 20 characters without space), the time and date (mm:dd:hh:mm), and the word on-line or off-line.

For each test case, all dates will be within a single month. Each on-line record is paired with the chronologically next record for the same customer provided it is an off-line record. Any on-line records that are not paired with an off-line record are ignored, as are off-line records not paired with an on-line record. It is guaranteed that at least one call is well paired in the input. You may assume that no two records for the same customer have the same time. Times are recorded using a 24-hour clock.

Output Specification:

For each test case, you must print a phone bill for each customer.

Bills must be printed in alphabetical order of customers’ names. For each customer, first print in a line the name of the customer and the month of the bill in the format shown by the sample. Then for each time period of a call, print in one line the beginning and ending time and date (dd:hh:mm), the lasting time (in minute) and the charge of the call. The calls must be listed in chronological order. Finally, print the total charge for the month in the format shown by the sample.

Sample Input:

10 10 10 10 10 10 20 20 20 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 20 30 20 15 15 10 10 10
10
CYLL 01:01:06:01 on-line
CYLL 01:28:16:05 off-line
CYJJ 01:01:07:00 off-line
CYLL 01:01:08:03 off-line
CYJJ 01:01:05:59 on-line
aaa 01:01:01:03 on-line
aaa 01:02:00:01 on-line
CYLL 01:28:15:41 on-line
aaa 01:05:02:24 on-line
aaa 01:04:23:59 off-line

Sample Output:

CYJJ 01
01:05:59 01:07:00 61 $12.10
Total amount: $12.10
CYLL 01
01:06:01 01:08:03 122 $24.40
28:15:41 28:16:05 24 $3.85
Total amount: $28.25
aaa 01
02:00:01 04:23:59 4318 $638.80
Total amount: $638.80

生词如下

charges 费用

Specification 说明书

structure 建筑物

per minute 每分钟

重点句子

all dates will be within a single month

所有的日期都要在同一个月内

柳神的代码如下

#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
struct node {
	string name;
	int status, month, time, day, hour, minute;
};
//婼神只要是排序,比用到这个函数
bool cmp(node a, node b) {
	//名字相同的用时间比,时间短的在前面,名字不相同的用名字比，名字短的在前面
	return a.name != b.name ? a.name < b.name : a.time < b.time;
}
double billFromZero(node call,int* rate) {
	double total = rate[call.hour] * call.minute + rate[24] * 60 * call.day;
	for (int i = 0; i < call.hour; i++)
		total += rate[i] * 60;
	return total / 100.0;
}
int main() {
	int rate[25] = { 0 }, n;			//为什么会有rate[25]呢,这就是时间过了一天的情况
	for (int i = 0; i < 24; i++) {
		scanf("%d", &rate[i]);
		rate[24] += rate[i];
	}
	scanf("%d", &n);
	vector<node> data(n);		//开辟一个node类型的data 数组,长度为n
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		cin >> data[i].name;
		scanf("%d:%d:%d:%d", &data[i].month, &data[i].day, &data[i].hour, &data[i].minute);
		string temp;
		cin >> temp;
		data[i].status = (temp == "on-line") ? 1 : 0;	//用status来判断状态
		data[i].time = data[i].day * 24 * 60 + data[i].hour * 60 + data[i].minute;
	}
	//排序题中,万能的sort
	sort(data.begin(), data.end(), cmp);
	map<string, vector<node> > custom;	//定义一个map类,string是键,node类型的数组是值
	for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
		if (data[i].name == data[i - 1].name && data[i - 1].status == 1 && data[i].status == 0) {
			custom[data[i - 1].name].push_back(data[i - 1]);
			custom[data[i].name].push_back(data[i]);
		}
	}
	for (auto it : custom) {
		vector<node> temp = it.second;	//就是获取到了custome里面的vector<node>里面的值
		cout << it.first;				//输出里面的string类型的
		printf(" %02d\n", temp[0].month);
		double total = 0.0;
		for (int i = 1; i < temp.size(); i += 2) {
			//billFroZero就是算钱的函数
			double t = billFromZero(temp[i], rate) - billFromZero(temp[i - 1], rate);
			printf("%02d:%02d:%02d %02d:%02d:%02d %d $%.2f\n", temp[i - 1].day, temp[i - 1].hour, temp[i - 1].minute, temp[i].day, temp[i].hour, temp[i].minute, temp[i].time - temp[i - 1].time, t);
			total += t;
		}
		printf("Total amount: $%.2f\n", total);
	}
	return 0;
}