牛客刷题|HJ33. 整数与IP地址间的转换

 HJ33. 整数与IP地址间的转换

题目链接：整数与IP地址间的转换_牛客题霸_牛客网 (nowcoder.com)

思路：二进制和十进制间的转换。重点在于int和str的转换。进行数值运算时要转换为int型，而进行数字的拼接、slice，’.join'时，又要转换为str型。

代码

import sys

ip = sys.stdin.readline().strip()
ip = ip.split('.')
ip_ten = sys.stdin.readline().strip()
def deci_to_bin(num):
      remain = ''
      while num > 0:
            remain = str(num%2) + remain
            num = num//2
      if len(remain) < 8:    # 需要补全八位
            remain = '0'*(8-len(remain)) + remain
      return remain
def bin_to_deci(num):
      num = str(num)[::-1]
      ans = 0
      for i in range(len(num)):
          ans += (2**i)*int(num[i])
      return ans

ansList = []
for num in ip:
    ansList.append(deci_to_bin(int(num)))
longInt = ''
for num in ansList:   # 拼接成长整数
    longInt += str(num)

binary = deci_to_bin(int(ip_ten))
binary = str(binary)
if len(binary) % 8 != 0:   # 补全为8的倍数位，以便后面的slice
    binary = ((len(binary)//8 + 1)*8 - len(binary)) * '0' + binary
ans2List = []
for i in range(len(binary)//8):
    ans2List.append(binary[8*i:8*(i+1)])
for i, num in enumerate(ans2List):
    ans2List[i] = bin_to_deci(int(num))

print(bin_to_deci(int(longInt)))
print('.'.join([str(x) for x in ans2List]))  # 注意join前要先把列表中的元素转为str

HJ36 字符串加密

题目链接：字符串加密_牛客题霸_牛客网 (nowcoder.com)

思路：使用chr和ord函数对字母进行字符和ASCII码的转换。

代码

import sys

key = sys.stdin.readline().strip()
s =  sys.stdin.readline().strip()
newList = []
for letter in key:
    if letter not in newList:
        newList.append(letter)

for i in range(26):
    for letter in newList:
        if chr(ord('a')+i) not in newList:
            newList.append(chr(ord('a')+i))
ans = ''
for letter in s:
    idx = ord(letter) - ord('a')
    ans += newList[idx]
print(ans)

HJ38 求小球落地5次后所经历的路程和第5次反弹的高度

题目链接：求小球落地5次后所经历的路程和第5次反弹的高度_牛客题霸_牛客网 (nowcoder.com)

思路：一道简单的数学题。结合图一起看。注意把输入转变为int型。

代码

import sys

m = sys.stdin.readline().strip()
m  = int(m)
total = 1
for i in range(1,5):
    total += 2*(0.5**i)
total = m* total
bounce = m*(0.5**5)
print(total)
print(bounce)

HJ39 判断两个IP是否属于同一子网

题目链接：判断两个IP是否属于同一子网_牛客题霸_牛客网 (nowcoder.com)

思路：重点还是二进制和十进制的转换。过程有些繁琐但不算很困难。注意或运算是两者都为1，结果为1，否则结果都为0。

代码

import sys

yanma = sys.stdin.readline().strip()
yanma = yanma.split('.')
ip1 = sys.stdin.readline().strip()
ip1 = ip1.split('.')
ip2 = sys.stdin.readline().strip()
ip2 = ip2.split('.')

rightYanma = []
id = 0

for i in range(7,0,-1):
    id += 2**i
    rightYanma.append(str(id))   # 找出满足左边为0右边为1的二进制数
rightYanma.append('0')
    
def ifValidY(yanma):  # 判断子网掩码是否合法。总共分四块，如果前三块都是1，最后一块左边部分是1，右边部分是0，那么就符合，以此类推...
    if yanma[0] == '255':
        if yanma[1] == '255':
            if yanma[2] == '255':
                if yanma[3] in rightYanma:
                    return True
            elif yanma[2] != '255':
                if yanma[2] in rightYanma and yanma[3] == '0':
                    return True
        elif yanma[1] != '255':
            if yanma[1] in rightYanma and yanma[2] == yanma[3] =='0':
                return True
    elif yanma[0] != '255':
        if yanma[0] in rightYanma and yanma[1] == yanma[2] == yanma[3] =='0':
            return True
    return False
            
def ifValidIP(ip1,ip2): 
    for i in range(len(ip1)):
        if int(ip1[i]) > 255 or int(ip1[i]) < 0 or int(ip2[i]) > 255 or int(ip2[i]) < 0:
            return False
    return True
        

def deci_to_bin(num):
    if num == 0:
        remain = '0'
    else:
        remain = ''
        while num > 0:
            remain = str(num%2) + remain
            num = num//2
    if len(remain) < 8:
        remain = '0'*(8-len(remain)) + remain
    return remain

def bin_to_deci(num):
    num = str(num)[::-1]
    ans = 0
    for i in range(len(num)):
        ans += int(num[i]) * 2**i
    return ans

def and_comp(str1, str2):
    ans = ''
    for i in range(len(str1)):
        if str1[i] == '1' and str2[i]== '1':
            ans += '1'
        else:
            ans += '0'
    return ans



if ifValidY(yanma) and ifValidIP(ip1, ip2):
    yanmaNew = []
    ip1New, ip2New = [],[]
    for i in range(len(yanma)):
        yanmaNew.append(deci_to_bin(int(yanma[i])))
        ip1New.append(deci_to_bin(int(ip1[i])))
        ip2New.append(deci_to_bin(int(ip2[i])))

    ifbelong = 0
    for part in range(len(yanmaNew)):
        binaryIP1 = and_comp(yanmaNew[part], ip1New[part])
        binaryIP2 = and_comp(yanmaNew[part], ip2New[part])
        if binaryIP1 != binaryIP2:
            ifbelong = 2

    print(ifbelong)
else:
    print('1')