python修改文件时,使用w模式会将原本的文件清空/覆盖。可以先用读(r)的方式打开,写到内存中,然后再用写(w)的方式打开。
- 替换文本中的taste 为 tasting
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Yesterday when I was young
昨日当我年少轻狂
The taste of life was sweet
生命的滋味是甜的
As rain upon my tongue
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#将文件读取到内存中
with
open
(
"./fileread.txt"
,
"r"
,encoding
=
"utf-8"
) as f:
lines
=
f.readlines()
#写的方式打开文件
with
open
(
"./fileread.txt"
,
"w"
,encoding
=
"utf-8"
) as f_w:
for
line
in
lines:
if
"taste"
in
line:
#替换
line
=
line.replace(
"taste"
,
"tasting"
)
f_w.write(line)
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2.全文中搜索替换或者单行替换
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#文本内容
Yesterday when I was young
昨日当我年少轻狂
The taste of life was sweet
生命的滋味是甜的
As rain upon my tongue
taste
taste
taste
taste
|
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#定义一个函数,带有4个参数
#x 表示要更新的文件名称
#y 表示要被替换的内容
#z 表示 替换后的内容
#s 默认参数为 1 表示只替换第一个匹配到的字符串
# 如果参数为 s = 'g' 则表示全文替换
def
string_switch(x,y,z,s
=
1
):
with
open
(x,
"r"
, encoding
=
"utf-8"
) as f:
#readlines以列表的形式将文件读出
lines
=
f.readlines()
with
open
(x,
"w"
, encoding
=
"utf-8"
) as f_w:
#定义一个数字,用来记录在读取文件时在列表中的位置
n
=
0
#默认选项,只替换第一次匹配到的行中的字符串
if
s
=
=
1
:
for
line
in
lines:
if
y
in
line:
line
=
line.replace(y,z)
f_w.write(line)
n
+
=
1
break
f_w.write(line)
n
+
=
1
#将剩余的文本内容继续输出
for
i
in
range
(n,
len
(lines)):
f_w.write(lines[i])
#全局匹配替换
elif
s
=
=
'g'
:
for
line
in
lines:
if
y
in
line:
line
=
line.replace(y,z)
f_w.write(line)
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测试
1)默认参数 1,只替换匹配到的第一行
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string_switch(
"fileread.txt"
,
"taste"
,
"tasting"
)
#结果
Yesterday when I was young
昨日当我年少轻狂
The tasting of life was sweet
生命的滋味是甜的
As rain upon my tongue
taste
taste
taste
taste
|
2)全局替换
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string_switch(
"fileread.txt"
,
"taste"
,
"tasting"
,
"g"
)
#结果
Yesterday when I was young
昨日当我年少轻狂
The tasting of life was sweet
生命的滋味是甜的
As rain upon my tongue
tasting
tasting
tasting
tasting
|