SpringMVC + Maven 构建项目

springMVC是当下很流行的轻量级JavaEE架构设计，现将整个框架搭建过程记录下来，以备后期使用。
1.使用Eclipse创建一个maven项目

2.选择项目的工作空间

3.在所列选项中选择 xxx-webapp 1.0

4.输入项目名称mvc，点击finish

5.创建的项目目录结构如下：

6.在项目根目录下创建src/test/resources目录

7.单击项目，按Alt+Enter键，进入如下界面，删除与test相关的目录：

8.此时目录结构如图：

9.编辑web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd "
        version="2.5">

    <!-- 配置web.xml，使其具有springmvc特性，主要配置两处，一个是ContextLoaderListener，一个是DispatcherServlet -->
    <display-name>maven</display-name>
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath*:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <!-- 配置ContextLoaderListener表示，该工程要以spring的方式启动。启动时会默认在/WEB-INF目录下查找applicationContext.xml
作为spring容器的配置文件，该文件里可以初始化一些bean -->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

    <!-- 字符集过滤器 -->  
    <filter>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <!-- spring mvc 配置 -->
    <!-- 配置DispatcherServlet表示，该工程将采用springmvc的方式。启动时也会默认在/WEB-INF目录下查找XXX-servlet.xml作为配置文件，
        XXX就是DispatcherServlet的名字，该文件中将配置两项重要的mvc特性：HandlerMapping,负责为DispatcherServlet这个前端控制器的请求查找Controller；
        ViewResolver,负责为DispatcherServlet查找ModelAndView的视图解析器。
        此处使用指定的配置文件spring-mvc.xml -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>dispatch</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!--<init-param>  
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>  -->
            <!--<param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/spring-mvc-servlet.xml</param-value>-->
        <!--    <param-value>classpath*:springConfig-servlet.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>  
        -->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>  
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>dispatch</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <welcome-file-list>  
        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>  
    </welcome-file-list>  

</web-app>

10.在web.xml的同级目录创建dispatch-servlet.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd 
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd 
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx 
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <!-- 注册HandlerMapper、HandlerAdapter两个映射类 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />

   <context:component-scan base-package="com.jiang.*" />

   <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>

        <bean id="velocityConfigurer" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.velocity.VelocityConfigurer">
            <property name="resourceLoaderPath">
                <value>views</value>
            </property>
            <property name="velocityProperties">
                <props>
                    <prop key="file.resource.loader.cache">true</prop>
                    <prop key="file.resource.loader.modificationCheckInterval">2</prop>
                    <prop key="input.encoding">UTF-8</prop>
                    <prop key="output.encoding">UTF-8</prop>
                    <prop key="contentType">text/html;charset=UTF-8</prop>
                </props>
            </property>
        </bean>

    <!-- 访问静态资源 -->
    <!--<mvc:default-servlet-handler />-->

    <mvc:resources mapping="/resources/**" location="/resources/"
        cache-period="86400" />
    <mvc:resources mapping="/upload/**" location="/upload/"
        cache-period="86400" />

    <!-- 视图解析器 -->
    <bean id="viewResolver"
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.velocity.VelocityLayoutViewResolver">
        <property name="cache" value="false" />
        <property name="prefix" value="" />
        <property name="suffix" value=".vm" />
        <property name="contentType" value="text/html;charset=UTF-8" />
        <property name="exposeSpringMacroHelpers" value="true" />
        <!--是否使用spring对宏定义的支持 -->
        <property name="exposeRequestAttributes" value="true" />
        <!--是否开放request属性 -->
        <property name="requestContextAttribute" value="rc" />
        <!--request属性引用名称 -->
        <property name="exposeSessionAttributes" value="true"></property>
        <property name="allowSessionOverride" value="true" />
        <!--允许session覆盖旧值 VelocityViewResolver配置 -->
        <property name="allowRequestOverride" value="true"></property>
        <property name="layoutUrl" value="layout/default.vm" />
    </bean>

</beans>

11.在同级目录继续创建applicationContext.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache" 
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.2.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.2.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.2.xsd"
    default-autowire="byName" >

<!--     <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean"> -->
<!--         <property name="jndiName"> -->
<!--            <value>java:comp/env/jndi/first</value> -->
<!--        </property> -->
<!--    </bean> -->

<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource">  
       <property name="driverClassName">  
           <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>  
       </property>  
       <property name="url">  
           <value>jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/testdb</value>  
       </property>  
       <property name="username">  
           <value>root</value>  
       </property>  
       <property name="password">  
           <value>jiang</value>
       </property>  
    </bean>

    <bean id="sessionFactory"
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
        <!-- 数据源 -->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
        <!-- 自动扫描实体对象的包结构中存放实体类 -->
        <property name="packagesToScan" value="com.jiang.vo" />
        <!-- hibernate的相关属性配置 -->
        <property name="hibernateProperties">
            <value>
                <!-- 设置数据库方言 -->
                hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
                <!-- 设置自动创建|更新|验证数据库表结构 -->
                hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto=none
                <!-- 是否在控制台显示sql -->
                hibernate.show_sql=true
                <!-- 是否格式化sql，优化显示 -->
                hibernate.format_sql=true
                <!-- 是否开启二级缓存 -->
                hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache=false
                <!-- 是否开启查询缓存 -->
                hibernate.cache.use_query_cache=false
                <!-- 创建session方式 hibernate4.x 的方式 -->
                hibernate.current_session_context_class=org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.SpringSessionContext
                <!-- 默认情况下是auto的， 不设置的话会自动去classpath下面找一个bean-validation**包，所以把它设置为none即可 -->
                javax.persistence.validation.mode=none
            </value>
        </property>
    </bean>

     <!-- 创建hibernateTemplate实例 -->
    <bean id="hibernateTemplate" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>

    <!-- 定义事务管理 -->
    <bean id="transactionManager"
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>

<!-- 配置读取外部配置文件 -->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties" />
</beans>

12.在webapp目录下建文件夹：views，在views文件夹下建common、layout两个文件夹

13.分别在新创建的3个文件夹下创建3个vm文件，源码如下：
login.vm:

<div>
    <div>用户登录</div><br/>
    <form action="${rc.contextPath}/user/loginOK.html" method="post">
        <div>用户名：<input  type="text"  name="username" /></div>

        <div>密码：<input  type="text"  name="password" /></div>

        <input type="submit" value="登录"/>
    </form>
</div>

head.vm:

hello,springMVC!
<br/>

modal.vm:

<br/>
愚公移山

default.vm:

<!-- 全局页面-->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <!-- 上述3个meta标签*必须*放在最前面，任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后！ -->
    <meta name="description" content="">
    <meta name="author" content="">
    <title>Hello Word</title>


    <!-- 引入全局js -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="${rc.contextPath}/resources/js/jquery/jquery-1.8.3.min.js" >


    <!--声明全局变量-->
    <script>
        var webRoot = '${rc.contextPath}';
    </script>

  </head>
  <body>
  <div style="max-width:1200px;margin:0 auto;">


    <!---网站头部引入开始--->
    #parse("/common/head.vm")
    <!---网站头部引入结束--->


    <!-- 网站中间内容开始 -->
    $screen_content
    <!-- 网站中间内容结束 -->


    <!-- Custom javascript for this template -->
    <script src="${rc.contextPath}/resources/js/upcrm.js"></script>

    <!-- IE10 viewport hack for Surface/desktop Windows 8 bug -->
    <script src="${rc.contextPath}/resources/js/ie10-viewport-bug-workaround.js"></script>
    <!-- HTML5 shim and Respond.js for IE8 support of HTML5 elements and media queries -->
    <!--[if lt IE 9]>
      <script src="//cdn.bootcss.com/html5shiv/3.7.2/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
      <script src="//cdn.bootcss.com/respond.js/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script>
    <![endif]-->
    <!-- placeholder in IE -->
    <!--[if IE]>
      <script src="${rc.contextPath}/resources/js/jquery/jquery.placeholder.min.js"></script>
      <script>
        $(':input[placeholder]').placeholder();
      </script>
    <![endif]-->

    <!-- 加载全局变量,方便自动补全判断浏览器兼容性-->
    <script type="text/javascript">
        $.browser = {};
        $.browser.mozilla = /firefox/.test(navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase());
        $.browser.webkit = /webkit/.test(navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase());
        $.browser.opera = /opera/.test(navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase());
        $.browser.msie = /msie/.test(navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase());
        // JavaScript Document
        if (!console) {
            var console = {
            debug : function() {
            return false;
            },
            info : function() {
            return false;
            },
            log : function() {
            return false;
            }
            }
        }

    </script>


    <!---网站底部引入开始--->
    #parse("/common/modal.vm")
    <!---网站底部引入结束--->



    </div>

  </body>
</html>

14.引入pom.xml文件：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.jiang</groupId>
  <artifactId>maven</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>maven Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.4</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        <version>4.3.0.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.0.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
            <!-- fastJson -->
        <dependency>
          <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
          <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
          <version>1.2.8</version>
        </dependency>   
        <!-- velocity -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.velocity</groupId>
            <artifactId>velocity</artifactId>
            <version>1.7</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.velocity</groupId>
            <artifactId>velocity-tools</artifactId>
            <version>2.0</version>
        </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <finalName>maven</finalName>
  </build>
</project>

15.右击项目，在maven选项处点击update project…,然后点击项目，按alt+enter :进行如下两图的操作，即可引入maven依赖。

16.创建controller

package com.jiang.test;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "user")
public class UserController {
    @RequestMapping("/login")
    public String index(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response)throws Exception{
        return "login";
    }
}

16.启动服务器，输入:http://localhost:8080/mvc/user/login

17.资源链接：
http://download.csdn.net/download/ilovecc2015/9880640

tips: 整个搭建步骤略显繁琐，但根据这篇文章做下来，是可以成功搭建SpringMVC+maven+velocity的框架的，如有问题，可直接与我联系。
联系方式，QQ：1792352361，微信：jiangzhiyao2015