iOS 拍照和视频录制(UIImagePickerController)

下面看一下在iOS如何拍照和录制视频。在iOS中要拍照和录制视频最简单的方法就是使用UIImagePickerController。UIImagePickerController继承于UINavigationController，前面的文章中主要使用它来选取照片，其实UIImagePickerController的功能不仅如此，它还可以用来拍照和录制视频。首先看一下这个类常用的属性和方法：

//属性    说明
@property(nonatomic)           UIImagePickerControllerSourceType     sourceType //拾取源类型，sourceType是枚举类型：
UIImagePickerControllerSourceTypePhotoLibrary：//照片库
，默认值
UIImagePickerControllerSourceTypeCamera：//摄像头
UIImagePickerControllerSourceTypeSavedPhotosAlbum：//相簿
@property(nonatomic,copy)      NSArray                              *mediaTypes //媒体类型,默认情况下此数组包含kUTTypeImage，所以拍照时可以不用设置；但是当要录像的时候必须设置，可以设置为kUTTypeVideo（视频，但不带声音）或者kUTTypeMovie（视频并带有声音）
@property(nonatomic)           NSTimeInterval                        videoMaximumDuration   //视频最大录制时长，默认为10 s
@property(nonatomic)           UIImagePickerControllerQualityType    videoQuality   //视频质量，枚举类型：
UIImagePickerControllerQualityTypeHigh：//高清质量
UIImagePickerControllerQualityTypeMedium：//中等质量，适合WiFi传输
UIImagePickerControllerQualityTypeLow：//低质量，适合蜂窝网传输
UIImagePickerControllerQualityType640x480：640*480
UIImagePickerControllerQualityTypeIFrame1280x720：1280*720
UIImagePickerControllerQualityTypeIFrame960x540：960*540
@property(nonatomic)           BOOL                                  showsCameraControls    //是否显示摄像头控制面板，默认为YES
@property(nonatomic,retain)    UIView                                *cameraOverlayView //摄像头上覆盖的视图，可用通过这个视频来自定义拍照或录像界面
@property(nonatomic)           CGAffineTransform                     cameraViewTransform    //摄像头形变
@property(nonatomic) UIImagePickerControllerCameraCaptureMode cameraCaptureMode //摄像头捕获模式，捕获模式是枚举类型：
UIImagePickerControllerCameraCaptureModePhoto：//拍照模式
UIImagePickerControllerCameraCaptureModeVideo：//视频录制模式
@property(nonatomic) UIImagePickerControllerCameraDevice      cameraDevice  //摄像头设备，cameraDevice是枚举类型：
UIImagePickerControllerCameraDeviceRear：//前置摄像头
UIImagePickerControllerCameraDeviceFront：//后置摄像头
@property(nonatomic) UIImagePickerControllerCameraFlashMode   cameraFlashMode   //闪光灯模式，枚举类型：
UIImagePickerControllerCameraFlashModeOff：//关闭闪光灯
UIImagePickerControllerCameraFlashModeAuto：//闪光灯自动
UIImagePickerControllerCameraFlashModeOn：//打开闪光灯
//类方法   说明
+ (BOOL)isSourceTypeAvailable:(UIImagePickerControllerSourceType)sourceType //指定的源类型是否可用，sourceType是枚举类型：
UIImagePickerControllerSourceTypePhotoLibrary：//照片库
UIImagePickerControllerSourceTypeCamera：//摄像头
UIImagePickerControllerSourceTypeSavedPhotosAlbum：//相簿
+ (NSArray *)availableMediaTypesForSourceType:(UIImagePickerControllerSourceType)sourceType //指定的源设备上可用的媒体类型，一般就是图片和视频
+ (BOOL)isCameraDeviceAvailable:(UIImagePickerControllerCameraDevice)cameraDevice   //指定的摄像头是否可用，cameraDevice//是枚举类型：
UIImagePickerControllerCameraDeviceRear：//前置摄像头
UIImagePickerControllerCameraDeviceFront：//后置摄像头
+ (BOOL)isFlashAvailableForCameraDevice:(UIImagePickerControllerCameraDevice)cameraDevice   //指定摄像头的闪光灯是否可用
+ (NSArray *)availableCaptureModesForCameraDevice:(UIImagePickerControllerCameraDevice)cameraDevice //获得指定摄像头上的可用捕获模式，捕获模式是枚举类型：
UIImagePickerControllerCameraCaptureModePhoto：//拍照模式
UIImagePickerControllerCameraCaptureModeVideo：//视频录制模式
对象方法    说明
- (void)takePicture //编程方式拍照
- (BOOL)startVideoCapture   //编程方式录制视频
- (void)stopVideoCapture    //编程方式停止录制视频
代理方法    说明
- (void)imagePickerController:(UIImagePickerController *)picker didFinishPickingMediaWithInfo:(NSDictionary *)info//    媒体拾取完成
- (void)imagePickerControllerDidCancel:(UIImagePickerController *)picker    //取消拾取
//扩展方法（主要用于保存照片、视频到相簿）  说明
UIImageWriteToSavedPhotosAlbum(UIImage *image, id completionTarget, SEL completionSelector, void *contextInfo)  //保存照片到相簿
UIVideoAtPathIsCompatibleWithSavedPhotosAlbum(NSString *videoPath)  //能否将视频保存到相簿
void UISaveVideoAtPathToSavedPhotosAlbum(NSString *videoPath, id completionTarget, SEL completionSelector, void *contextInfo)   //保存视频到相簿

要用UIImagePickerController来拍照或者录制视频通常可以分为如下步骤：

创建UIImagePickerController对象。
指定拾取源，平时选择照片时使用的拾取源是照片库或者相簿，此刻需要指定为摄像头类型。
指定摄像头，前置摄像头或者后置摄像头。
设置媒体类型mediaType，注意如果是录像必须设置，如果是拍照此步骤可以省略，因为mediaType默认包含kUTTypeImage（注意媒体类型定义在MobileCoreServices.framework中）
指定捕获模式，拍照或者录制视频。（视频录制时必须先设置媒体类型再设置捕获模式
）
展示UIImagePickerController(通常以模态窗口形式打开）。
拍照和录制视频结束后在代理方法中展示/保存照片或视频。
当然这个过程中有很多细节可以设置，例如是否显示拍照控制面板，拍照后是否允许编辑等等，通过上面的属性/方法列表相信并不难理解。下面就以一个示例展示如何使用UIImagePickerController来拍照和录制视频，下面的程序中只要将_isVideo设置为YES就是视频录制模式，录制完后在主视图控制器中自动播放；如果将_isVideo设置为NO则为拍照模式，拍照完成之后在主视图控制器中显示拍摄的照片： ##

//
//  ViewController.m
//  UIImagePickerController
//
//  Created by Kenshin Cui on 14/04/05.
//  Copyright (c) 2014年 cmjstudio. All rights reserved.
//

#import "ViewController.h"
#import <MobileCoreServices/MobileCoreServices.h>
#import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>

@interface ViewController ()<UIImagePickerControllerDelegate,UINavigationControllerDelegate>
@property (assign,nonatomic) int isVideo;//是否录制视频，如果为1表示录制视频，0代表拍照
@property (strong,nonatomic) UIImagePickerController *imagePicker;
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIImageView *photo;//照片展示视图
@property (strong ,nonatomic) AVPlayer *player;//播放器，用于录制完视频后播放视频

@end

@implementation ViewController

#pragma mark - 控制器视图事件
- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    //通过这里设置当前程序是拍照还是录制视频
    _isVideo=YES;
}

#pragma mark - UI事件
//点击拍照按钮
- (IBAction)takeClick:(UIButton *)sender {
    [self presentViewController:self.imagePicker animated:YES completion:nil];
}

#pragma mark - UIImagePickerController代理方法
//完成
-(void)imagePickerController:(UIImagePickerController *)picker didFinishPickingMediaWithInfo:(NSDictionary *)info{
    NSString *mediaType=[info objectForKey:UIImagePickerControllerMediaType];
    if ([mediaType isEqualToString:(NSString *)kUTTypeImage]) {//如果是拍照
        UIImage *image;
        //如果允许编辑则获得编辑后的照片，否则获取原始照片
        if (self.imagePicker.allowsEditing) {
            image=[info objectForKey:UIImagePickerControllerEditedImage];//获取编辑后的照片
        }else{
            image=[info objectForKey:UIImagePickerControllerOriginalImage];//获取原始照片
        }
        [self.photo setImage:image];//显示照片
        UIImageWriteToSavedPhotosAlbum(image, nil, nil, nil);//保存到相簿
    }else if([mediaType isEqualToString:(NSString *)kUTTypeMovie]){//如果是录制视频
        NSLog(@"video...");
        NSURL *url=[info objectForKey:UIImagePickerControllerMediaURL];//视频路径
        NSString *urlStr=[url path];
        if (UIVideoAtPathIsCompatibleWithSavedPhotosAlbum(urlStr)) {
            //保存视频到相簿，注意也可以使用ALAssetsLibrary来保存
            UISaveVideoAtPathToSavedPhotosAlbum(urlStr, self, @selector(video:didFinishSavingWithError:contextInfo:), nil);//保存视频到相簿
        }

    }

    [self dismissViewControllerAnimated:YES completion:nil];
}
-(void)imagePickerControllerDidCancel:(UIImagePickerController *)picker{
    NSLog(@"取消");
}

#pragma mark - 私有方法
-(UIImagePickerController *)imagePicker{
    if (!_imagePicker) {
        _imagePicker=[[UIImagePickerController alloc]init];
        _imagePicker.sourceType=UIImagePickerControllerSourceTypeCamera;//设置image picker的来源，这里设置为摄像头
        _imagePicker.cameraDevice=UIImagePickerControllerCameraDeviceRear;//设置使用哪个摄像头，这里设置为后置摄像头
        if (self.isVideo) {
            _imagePicker.mediaTypes=@[(NSString *)kUTTypeMovie];
            _imagePicker.videoQuality=UIImagePickerControllerQualityTypeIFrame1280x720;
            _imagePicker.cameraCaptureMode=UIImagePickerControllerCameraCaptureModeVideo;//设置摄像头模式（拍照，录制视频）

        }else{
            _imagePicker.cameraCaptureMode=UIImagePickerControllerCameraCaptureModePhoto;
        }
        _imagePicker.allowsEditing=YES;//允许编辑
        _imagePicker.delegate=self;//设置代理，检测操作
    }
    return _imagePicker;
}

//视频保存后的回调
- (void)video:(NSString *)videoPath didFinishSavingWithError:(NSError *)error contextInfo:(void *)contextInfo{
    if (error) {
        NSLog(@"保存视频过程中发生错误，错误信息:%@",error.localizedDescription);
    }else{
        NSLog(@"视频保存成功.");
        //录制完之后自动播放
        NSURL *url=[NSURL fileURLWithPath:videoPath];
        _player=[AVPlayer playerWithURL:url];
        AVPlayerLayer *playerLayer=[AVPlayerLayer playerLayerWithPlayer:_player];
        playerLayer.frame=self.photo.frame;
        [self.photo.layer addSublayer:playerLayer];
        [_player play];

    }
}
@end