软件体系架构：创造者模式和单例模式的应用

创造者模式

实例：KFC套餐
建造者模式可以用于描述KFC如何创建套餐：套餐是一个复杂对象，它一般包含主食（如汉堡、鸡肉卷等）和饮料（如果汁、可乐等）等组成部分，不同的套餐有不同的组成部分，而KFC的服务员可以根据顾客的要求，一步一步装配这些组成部分，构造一份完整的套餐，然后返回给顾客。利用建造者模式设计，用JAVA语言实现 (或C#控制台应用程序实现)。绘制该模式的UML图。
【模式UML图】

【模式代码（JAVA语言实现）】
KFCServer.java:

package ITF;

import MealEntity.Meal;

public class KFCServer {
    private MealBuilder mealBuilder;

    public KFCServer(MealBuilder mealBuilder) { 
        this.mealBuilder = mealBuilder;
    }

    public Meal construct(){
        mealBuilder.buildFood();
        mealBuilder.buildDrink();
        return mealBuilder.getMeal();
    }
}

MealBuilder.java:

package ITF;

import MealEntity.Meal;

public abstract class MealBuilder {

    protected Meal meal = new Meal();

    public abstract void buildFood();

    public abstract void buildDrink();

    public Meal getMeal(){
        return meal;
    }
}

Meal.java

package MealEntity;

public class Meal {
	 private String food;
	    private String drink;

	    public String getFood() {
	        return food;
	    }

	    public void setFood(String food) {
	        this.food = food;
	    }

	    public String getDrink() {
	        return drink;
	    }

	    public void setDrink(String drink) {
	        this.drink = drink;
	    }
}

MealA.java

package MealType;

import ITF.MealBuilder;

/**
 * 具体建造者：A套餐
 */
public class MealA extends MealBuilder{
    public void buildDrink() {
        meal.setDrink("可乐");
    }

    public void buildFood() {
        meal.setFood("薯条");
    }
}

MealB.java

package MealType;

import ITF.MealBuilder;

/**
 * 具体建造者：B套餐
 */
public class MealB extends MealBuilder{
    public void buildDrink() {
        meal.setDrink("柠檬果汁");
    }

    public void buildFood() {
        meal.setFood("鸡翅");
    }
}

Main.java

package ITF;

import MealEntity.Meal;
import MealType.MealA;
import MealType.MealB;

public class Main {
	public static void main(String[] args) {

        MealA a = new MealA();
        KFCServer waitera = new KFCServer(a);
        Meal mealA = waitera.construct();
        System.out.print("套餐A的组成:");
        System.out.println("食物："+mealA.getFood()+"；   "+"饮品："+mealA.getDrink());

        MealB b = new MealB();
        KFCServer waiterb = new KFCServer(b);
        Meal mealB = waiterb.construct();
        System.out.print("套餐B的组成:");
        System.out.println("食物："+mealB.getFood()+"；   "+"饮品："+mealB.getDrink());
    }
}

【运行截图】

单例模式

在操作系统中，打印池(Print Spooler)是一个用于管理打印任务的应用程序，通过打印池用户可以删除、中止或者改变打印任务的优先级，在一个系统中只允许运行一个打印池对象，如果重复创建打印池则抛出异常。现使用单例模式来模拟实现打印池的设计。用JAVA语言实现（C#控制台应用程序实现）该模式。绘制该模式的UML图。
【模式UML图】

【模式代码】
PrintSpooler.java

package SY4;


public class PrintSpooler {
    private static PrintSpooler instance=null;
    private PrintSpooler(){};
        public static PrintSpooler getInstance(){
            if(instance == null)
                instance = new PrintSpooler();
            else
                new PrintSpoolerException();
 
            return instance;
        }
        public void Suspension(){
        System.out.println("中止");
    }
 
    public void change(){
        System.out.println("改变");
    }
 
    public void delete(){
        System.out.println("删除");
    }
 
}

PrintSpoolerException.java

package SY4;


public class PrintSpoolerException {
 
    public  PrintSpoolerException(){
        System.out.println("重复创建");
    }
}

Main.java

package SY4;

public class Main {
	 public static void main(String[] args) {
	        PrintSpooler p1 = PrintSpooler.getInstance();
	        //PrintSpooler p2 = PrintSpooler.getInstance();
	        p1.change();
	    }
}

【运行截图】