前言
iOS开发中,很多情况下会使用到通知,通知的好处很多,但是也有很多坑点,一旦没有管理好,就会造成很多莫名其妙的bug。既然通知使用不当很容易出现问题,那有没有什么办法来避免?经过思考后,决定使用block回调的方式来实现通知,并且避免掉通知的弊端。
原理
参考通知原理,采用单例全局管理,单例持有一个字典,字典中储存所有添加的block,在调用block的时候从字典中取出对应的block调用。通知原理参考—>>深入理解iOS NSNotification
1.完整的单例创建
单例创建需要考虑到各种初始化方法以及拷贝,还有线程安全。具体参考—>>完整单例模式写法
2.保证观察者生命周期不受单例影响
因为是单例持有的字典,就会造成block得不到释放,从而引起一系列问题。这里采用NSMapTable
来储存block,NSMapTable
使用强引用key,弱引用value,这样做的好处在于,当其中储存的对象销毁后,会自动从NSMapTable
移除。使用NSMapTable
可以保证生命周期不受单例影响。具体参考—>>Cocoa 集合类型:NSPointerArray,NSMapTable,NSHashTable
3.观察者和block绑定
为了使用简单,并且保证block生命周期和观察者一样,使用RunTime
动态绑定,将block和观察者绑定起来。具体参考—>>iOS Runtime详解
4.保证一个对象只添加一次观察者
多次添加观察者会造成调用的时候响应多次,这里采用对象内存地址和标识符作为字典的key,保证一个对象只添加一次。
5.多线程安全
这里采用GCD信号量来保证线程安全,具体参考—>>GCD信号量
6.block循环引用
对于block循环引用,这里采用回调观察者替代self,保证不会循环引用,具体参考—>>Block循环引用详解
代码
上面讲解的就是整个项目实现的关键点,这里贴出具体代码。
CLActionManager.h实现代码
typedef NS_ENUM(NSUInteger, CLActionType) {CLActionColorChange,///<颜色变化CLActionTextChange,///<文字变化CLActionImageChange,///<图片变化
};
@interface CLActionManager : NSObject
/*所有响应block生命周期和观察者对象生命周期一样,一个对象多次添加同一类型或者同一标识符的观察者,只会添加最后一次,响应的block回掉会随着观察者对象销毁自动销毁,建议使用枚举管理所有标识符
*/
/**
根据类型添加观察者
@param observer 观察者
@param actionType 响应类型
@param block 数据回掉
*/
+ (void)addObserver:(id)observer actionType:(CLActionType)actionType mainThread:(BOOL)mainThread block:(void(^)(id observer, NSDictionary *dictionary))block;
/**
根据类型调用
@param dictionary 数据
@param actionType 响应类型
*/
+ (void)actionWithDictionary:(NSDictionary *)dictionary actionType:(CLActionType)actionType;
//------------------------------------字符串作为唯一标识符,内部已经处理,不会和上面枚举方式冲突-------------------------------------
/**
根据标识符添加观察者
@param observer 观察者
@param identifier 标识
@param mainThread 是否在主线程回掉
@param block 数据回掉
*/
+ (void)addObserver:(id)observer identifier:(NSString *)identifier mainThread:(BOOL)mainThread block:(void(^)(id observer, NSDictionary *dictionary))block;
/**
根据标识符调用
@param dictionary 数据
@param identifier 标识符
*/
+ (void)actionWithDictionary:(NSDictionary *)dictionary identifier:(NSString *)identifier;
CLActionManager.m实现代码
#import "CLActionManager.h"
#import <objc/message.h>
@interface CLActionManager ()
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSMapTable *observerMapTable;
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSMapTable *blockKeyMapTable;
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSMapTable *mainThreadKeyMapTable;
@property (nonatomic, strong) dispatch_semaphore_t semaphore;
@end
@implementation CLActionManager
//第1步: 存储唯一实例
static CLActionManager *_manager = nil;
//第2步: 分配内存空间时都会调用这个方法. 保证分配内存alloc时都相同.
+ (id)allocWithZone:(struct _NSZone __unused*)zone {return [self sharedManager];
}
//第3步: 保证init初始化时都相同
+ (instancetype)sharedManager {//调用dispatch_once保证在多线程中也只被实例化一次static dispatch_once_t onceToken;dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{_manager = [[super allocWithZone:NULL] init];});return _manager;
}
- (id)init {static dispatch_once_t onceToken;dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{_manager = [super init];//弱引用value,强引用keyself.observerMapTable = [NSMapTable mapTableWithKeyOptions:NSMapTableStrongMemory valueOptions:NSMapTableWeakMemory];self.blockKeyMapTable = [NSMapTable mapTableWithKeyOptions:NSMapTableStrongMemory valueOptions:NSMapTableWeakMemory];self.mainThreadKeyMapTable = [NSMapTable mapTableWithKeyOptions:NSMapTableStrongMemory valueOptions:NSMapTableWeakMemory];//信号self.semaphore = dispatch_semaphore_create(0);dispatch_semaphore_signal(self.semaphore);});return _manager;
}
//第4步: 保证copy时都相同
- (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone __unused*)zone {return _manager;
}
//第五步: 保证mutableCopy时相同
- (id)mutableCopyWithZone:(NSZone __unused*)zone {return _manager;
}
+ (void)addObserver:(id)observer actionType:(CLActionType)actionType mainThread:(BOOL)mainThread block:(void(^)(id observer, NSDictionary *dictionary))block {//增加信号保证线程安全dispatch_semaphore_wait([CLActionManager sharedManager].semaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);//内存地址+key,使用内存地址保证一个对象只监听一次,key保证是同一类型NSString *key = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@-%@",[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%p",observer], [[self keyWithActionType:actionType] stringByAppendingString:@"-1"]];NSString *actionBlock = [key stringByAppendingString:@"-CLActionBlock-1"];NSString *actionMainThread = [key stringByAppendingString:@"-CLActionMainThread-1"];[[CLActionManager sharedManager].observerMapTable setObject:observer forKey:key];[[CLActionManager sharedManager].blockKeyMapTable setObject:actionBlock forKey:key];[[CLActionManager sharedManager].mainThreadKeyMapTable setObject:actionMainThread forKey:key];//动态设置blockobjc_setAssociatedObject(observer, CFBridgingRetain(actionBlock), block, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_COPY_NONATOMIC);//动态设置是否主线程objc_setAssociatedObject(observer, CFBridgingRetain(actionMainThread), [NSNumber numberWithBool:mainThread], OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);dispatch_semaphore_signal([CLActionManager sharedManager].semaphore);
}
+ (void)actionWithDictionary:(NSDictionary *)dictionary actionType:(CLActionType)actionType {dispatch_semaphore_wait([CLActionManager sharedManager].semaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);//key数组NSArray<NSString *> *keyArray = [[[CLActionManager sharedManager].observerMapTable keyEnumerator] allObjects];//匹配出对应keyNSString *identifier = [[self keyWithActionType:actionType] stringByAppendingString:@"-1"];NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF ENDSWITH %@",identifier];NSArray<NSString *> *array = [keyArray filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate];//遍历查找所有keyfor (NSString *key in array) {NSString *actionBlock = [[CLActionManager sharedManager].blockKeyMapTable objectForKey:key];NSString *actionMainThread = [[CLActionManager sharedManager].mainThreadKeyMapTable objectForKey:key];//找出对应类型的观察者id observer = [[CLActionManager sharedManager].observerMapTable objectForKey:key];//取出blockvoid(^block)(id observer, NSDictionary *dictionary) = objc_getAssociatedObject(observer, CFBridgingRetain(actionBlock));BOOL mainThread = [(NSNumber *)objc_getAssociatedObject(observer, CFBridgingRetain(actionMainThread)) boolValue];//block存在并且是对应方法添加,调用blockif (block) {if (mainThread) {//主线程dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{block(observer, dictionary);});}else {//子线程dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{block(observer, dictionary);});}}}dispatch_semaphore_signal([CLActionManager sharedManager].semaphore);
}
+ (NSString *)keyWithActionType:(CLActionType)actionType {NSString *key;switch (actionType) {case CLActionTextChange:key = @"CLActionTextChange";break;case CLActionColorChange:key = @"CLActionColorChange";break;case CLActionImageChange:key = @"CLActionImageChange";break;}return key;
}
+ (void)addObserver:(id)observer identifier:(NSString *)identifier mainThread:(BOOL)mainThread block:(void(^)(id observer, NSDictionary *dictionary))block {//增加信号保证线程安全dispatch_semaphore_wait([CLActionManager sharedManager].semaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);//内存地址+key,使用内存地址保证一个对象只监听一次,key保证是同一类型NSString *key = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@-%@",[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%p",observer], [identifier stringByAppendingString:@"-0"]];NSString *actionBlock = [key stringByAppendingString:@"-CLActionBlock-0"];NSString *actionMainThread = [key stringByAppendingString:@"-CLActionMainThread-0"];[[CLActionManager sharedManager].observerMapTable setObject:observer forKey:key];[[CLActionManager sharedManager].blockKeyMapTable setObject:actionBlock forKey:key];[[CLActionManager sharedManager].mainThreadKeyMapTable setObject:actionMainThread forKey:key];//动态设置blockobjc_setAssociatedObject(observer, CFBridgingRetain(actionBlock), block, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_COPY_NONATOMIC);//动态设置是否主线程objc_setAssociatedObject(observer, CFBridgingRetain(actionMainThread), [NSNumber numberWithBool:mainThread], OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);dispatch_semaphore_signal([CLActionManager sharedManager].semaphore);
}
+ (void)actionWithDictionary:(NSDictionary *)dictionary identifier:(NSString *)identifier {dispatch_semaphore_wait([CLActionManager sharedManager].semaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);//key数组NSArray<NSString *> *keyArray = [[[CLActionManager sharedManager].observerMapTable keyEnumerator] allObjects];//匹配出对应keyNSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF ENDSWITH %@",[identifier stringByAppendingString:@"-0"]];NSArray<NSString *> *array = [keyArray filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate];//遍历查找所有keyfor (NSString *key in array) {NSString *actionBlock = [[CLActionManager sharedManager].blockKeyMapTable objectForKey:key];NSString *actionMainThread = [[CLActionManager sharedManager].mainThreadKeyMapTable objectForKey:key];//找出对应类型的观察者id observer = [[CLActionManager sharedManager].observerMapTable objectForKey:key];//取出blockvoid(^block)(id observer, NSDictionary *dictionary) = objc_getAssociatedObject(observer, CFBridgingRetain(actionBlock));BOOL mainThread = [(NSNumber *)objc_getAssociatedObject(observer, CFBridgingRetain(actionMainThread)) boolValue];//block存在并且是对应方法添加,调用blockif (block) {if (mainThread) {//主线程dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{block(observer, dictionary);});}else {//子线程dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{block(observer, dictionary);});}}}dispatch_semaphore_signal([CLActionManager sharedManager].semaphore);
}
@end
测试结果
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a1b42d20a57384e08cecd337b4709c9d.gif)
测试效果已经达到我们需要的效果,看一下打印结果,所有的观察者的生命周期都没有受到影响
AViewController收到颜色变化,当前线程<NSThread: 0x608000263000>{number = 1, name = main}
BViewController收到颜色变化,当前线程<NSThread: 0x608000263000>{number = 1, name = main}
ViewController收到颜色变化,当前线程<NSThread: 0x608000263000>{number = 1, name = main}
收到其他地方头像变化了,当前线程--<NSThread: 0x608000263000>{number = 1, name = main}
收到其他地方头像变化了,当前线程--<NSThread: 0x608000263000>{number = 1, name = main}
++++++++++>>>>BViewController销毁了
头像View销毁了----0x7fbee1d08fb0
--------->>>>AViewController销毁了
头像View销毁了----0x7fbee1e1a3b0
总结
以上是根据通知原理来自己实现的自定义响应类,希望能够给大家帮助