策略模式

定义：定义了算法家族，分别封装起来，让它们之间可以互相替换，此模式让算法的变化不会影响到使用算法的用户，且可以替换掉程序中大量的“if-else”语句；
类型：行为型；

适用场景

1. 系统有很多类，而它们的区别仅仅在于行为不同
2. 一个系统需要动态地在算法中选择出一种

优点

1. 符合开闭原则
2. 可以避免大量的条件转移语句（if-else,switch）
3. 提供算法的保密性和安全性

缺点

1. 客户端必须要知道所有的策略类，并且自行选择使用哪一个策略类
2. 产生很多策略类

以商品促销举例

// 促销策略接口
public interface PromotionStrategy {
    void doPromotion();
}

// 满减促销策略
public class ManJianPromotionStrategy implements PromotionStrategy {
    public void doPromotion() {
        System.out.println("满减促销，满200-20");
    }
}

// 立减促销策略
public class LiJianPromotionStrategy implements PromotionStrategy {
    public void doPromotion() {
        System.out.println("立减促销，立减20元");
    }
}

// 返现促销策略
public class FanXianPromotionStrategy implements PromotionStrategy {
    public void doPromotion() {
        System.out.println("返现促销，返现20元");
    }
}

// 无促销策略
public class NonePromotionStrategy implements PromotionStrategy {
    public void doPromotion() {
        System.out.println("无促销");
    }
}

//促销活动
public class PromotionActivity {
    private PromotionStrategy promotionStrategy;

    public PromotionActivity(PromotionStrategy promotionStrategy) {
        this.promotionStrategy = promotionStrategy;
    }

    public void executePromotionStrategy(){
        promotionStrategy.doPromotion();
    }
}

// 促销策略工厂
public class PromotionStrategyFactory {
    private static final Map<String,PromotionStrategy> PROMOTION_STRATEGY_MAP = new HashMap<String, PromotionStrategy>();
    private static final PromotionStrategy NONE_PROMOTION = new NonePromotionStrategy();
    static {
        PROMOTION_STRATEGY_MAP.put(PromotionKey.FANXIAN, new FanXianPromotionStrategy());
        PROMOTION_STRATEGY_MAP.put(PromotionKey.MANJIAN, new ManJianPromotionStrategy());
        PROMOTION_STRATEGY_MAP.put(PromotionKey.LIJIAN, new LiJianPromotionStrategy());
    }

    private PromotionStrategyFactory() {
    }

    public PromotionStrategy getPromotionStrategy(String promotionKey){
        PromotionStrategy promotionStrategy = PROMOTION_STRATEGY_MAP.get(promotionKey);
        return promotionStrategy == null ? NONE_PROMOTION : promotionStrategy;
    }

    interface PromotionKey{
        String MANJIAN = "MANJIAN";
        String LIJIAN = "LIJIAN";
        String FANXIAN = "FANXIAN";
    }

}

// 测试类
public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String promotionKey1 = "LIJIAN";
        PromotionActivity promotionActivity1 =
                new PromotionActivity(PromotionStrategyFactory.getPromotionStrategy(promotionKey1));
        promotionActivity1.executePromotionStrategy();

        String promotionKey2 = "MANJIAN";
        PromotionActivity promotionActivity2 =
                new PromotionActivity(PromotionStrategyFactory.getPromotionStrategy(promotionKey2));
        promotionActivity2.executePromotionStrategy();

    }
}

// 输出结果
立减促销，立减20元
满减促销，满200-20