leetcode题解-138. Copy List with Random Pointer

题意：深拷贝一个链表，链表除了含有next指针外，还包含一个random指针，该指针指向字符串中的某个节点或者为空。

节点定义为：

// Definition for singly-linked list.
 public class RandomListNode {
     int label;
     RandomListNode next, random;
     RandomListNode(int x) { this.label = x; }
 }

假设原始链表如下，细线表示next指针，粗线表示random指针，没有画出的指针均指向NULL：

该题有一种巧妙地解法，记住即可。构建新节点时，指针做如下变化，即把新节点插入到相应的旧节点后面：

分两步

1、构建新节点random指针：new1->random = old1->random->next, new2-random = NULL, new3-random = NULL, new4->random = old4->random->next

2、恢复原始链表以及构建新链表：例如old1->next = old1->next->next, new1->next = new1->next->next

该算法时间复杂度O(N)，空间复杂度O(1)

/**
 * Definition for singly-linked list with a random pointer.
 * class RandomListNode {
 *     int label;
 *     RandomListNode next, random;
 *     RandomListNode(int x) { this.label = x; }
 * };
 */
class Solution {

    public static RandomListNode copyRandomList(RandomListNode head) {
         if(head == null) return null;
         RandomListNode fastNode = head;
         while(fastNode != null){
             RandomListNode insertNode = new RandomListNode(fastNode.label);
             insertNode.next = fastNode.next;
             fastNode.next = insertNode;
             fastNode = fastNode.next.next;
         }
         fastNode = head;
         while(fastNode != null){
             if(fastNode.random != null){
                 fastNode.next.random = fastNode.random.next;
             }
             fastNode = fastNode.next.next;
         }
         fastNode = head;
         RandomListNode newHead = head.next;
         while(fastNode != null){
             RandomListNode newNode = fastNode.next;
             fastNode.next = newNode.next;
             if(newNode.next != null){
                 newNode.next = newNode.next.next;
             }
             fastNode = fastNode.next;
         }

         return newHead;
    }
    public static void print(RandomListNode head){
        while(head != null){
            System.out.println(head.label);
            head = head.next;
        }

    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        RandomListNode l1 = new RandomListNode(1);
        RandomListNode l2 = new RandomListNode(2);
        RandomListNode l3 = new RandomListNode(3);
        RandomListNode l4 = new RandomListNode(4);
        l1.next = l2;
        l2.next = l3;
        l3.next = l4;
        l1.random = l3;
        l4.random = l2;
        print(copyRandomList(l1));
    }
}