Javascript中Json的使用

JSON

1、JSON概述

JSON:JavaScript Object Notation(JavaScript 对象标记法),它是一种存储和交换数据的语法。

当数据在浏览器与服务器之间进行交换时,这些数据只能是文本,JSON 属于文本并且我们能够把任何 JavaScript 对象转换为 JSON,然后将 JSON 发送到服务器。我们也能把从服务器接收到的任何 JSON 转换为 JavaScript 对象。以这样的方式,我们能够把数据作为 JavaScript 对象来处理,无需复杂的解析和转译。

2、JSON语法

在json中,每一个数据项,都是由一个键值对(或者说是名值对)组成的,但是键必须是字符串,且由双引号包围,而值必须是以下数据类型之一:

  • 字符串(在 JSON 中,字符串值必须由双引号编写)
  • 数字
  • 对象(JSON 对象)
  • 数组
  • 布尔
  • null

JSON 的值不可以是以下数据类型之一:

  • 函数
  • 日期
  • undefined

因为 JSON 语法由 JavaScript 对象标记法衍生而来,所以很少需要其它额外的软件来处理 JavaScript 中的 JSON。

通过 JavaScript,您能够创建对象并向其分配数据,就像这样:

var person = {"name": "zhangsan", "age": 62, "city": "BeiJing"};
console.log(person);

image-20201023091704109

3、JSON数据类型
3.1、JSON 字符串

JSON 中的字符串必须用双引号包围。

{"name": "John"}

1

3.2、JSON 数字

JSON 中的数字必须是整数或浮点数。

{"age": 30}
3.3、JSON 对象

JSON 中的值可以是对象,JSON 中作为值的对象必须遵守与 JSON 对象相同的规则。

{
    "employee": {"name": "Bill Gates", "age": 62, "city": "Seattle"}
}
3.4、JSON 数组

JSON 中的值可以是数组。

{
    "employees": ["Bill", "Steve", "David"]
}
3.5、JSON 布尔

JSON 中的值可以是 true/false。

{"sale": true}
3.6、JSON null

JSON 中的值可以是 null。

{"middlename": null}
4、JSON字符串转JS对象

JSON.parse():可以将以JSON字符串转换为JS对象,它需要一个JSON字符串作为参数,会将该字符串转换为JS对象并返回

案例演示:

var jsonStr = '{"name":"孙悟空","age":18,"gender":"男"}';
var obj = JSON.parse(jsonStr);
console.log(obj);

image-20201023093124404

注意 :JSON这个对象在IE7及以下的浏览器中不支持,所以在这些浏览器中调用时会报错
5、JS对象转JSON字符串

JSON.stringify():可以将一个JS对象转换为JSON字符串,需要一个js对象作为参数,会返回一个JSON字符串

案例演示:

var obj = {name: "猪八戒", age: 28, gender: "男"};
var jsonStr = JSON.stringify(obj);
console.log(jsonStr);

注意 :JSON这个对象在IE7及以下的浏览器中不支持,所以在这些浏览器中调用时会报错

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This file creates a global JSON object containing two methods: stringify and parse. JSON.stringify(value, replacer, space) value any JavaScript value, usually an object or array. replacer an optional parameter that determines how object values are stringified for objects. It can be a function or an array of strings. space an optional parameter that specifies the indentation of nested structures. If it is omitted, the text will be packed without extra whitespace. If it is a number, it will specify the number of spaces to indent at each level. If it is a string (such as '\t' or ' '), it contains the characters used to indent at each level. This method produces a JSON text from a JavaScript value. When an object value is found, if the object contains a toJSON method, its toJSON method will be called and the result will be stringified. A toJSON method does not serialize: it returns the value represented by the name/value pair that should be serialized, or undefined if nothing should be serialized. The toJSON method will be passed the key associated with the value, and this will be bound to the value For example, this would serialize Dates as ISO strings. Date.prototype.toJSON = function (key) { function f(n) { // Format integers to have at least two digits. return n < 10 ? '0' + n : n; } return this.getUTCFullYear() + '-' + f(this.getUTCMonth() + 1) + '-' + f(this.getUTCDate()) + 'T' + f(this.getUTCHours()) + ':' + f(this.getUTCMinutes()) + ':' + f(this.getUTCSeconds()) + 'Z'; }; You can provide an optional replacer method. It will be passed the key and value of each member, with this bound to the containing object. The value that is returned from your method will be serialized. If your method returns undefined, then the member will be excluded from the serialization. If the replacer parameter is an array of strings, then it will be used to select the members to be serialized. It filters the results such that only members with keys listed in the replacer array are stringified. Values that do not have JSON representations, such as undefined or functions, will not be serialized. Such values in objects will be dropped; in arrays they will be replaced with null. You can use a replacer function to replace those with JSON values. JSON.stringify(undefined) returns undefined. The optional space parameter produces a stringification of the value that is filled with line breaks and indentation to make it easier to read. If the space parameter is a non-empty string, then that string will be used for indentation. If the space parameter is a number, then the indentation will be that many spaces. Example: text = JSON.stringify(['e', {pluribus: 'unum'}]); // text is '["e",{"pluribus":"unum"}]' text = JSON.stringify(['e', {pluribus: 'unum'}], null, '\t'); // text is '[\n\t"e",\n\t{\n\t\t"pluribus": "unum"\n\t}\n]' text = JSON.stringify([new Date()], function (key, value) { return this[key] instanceof Date ? 'Date(' + this[key] + ')' : value; }); // text is '["Date(---current time---)"]' JSON.parse(text, reviver) This method parses a JSON text to produce an object or array. It can throw a SyntaxError exception. The optional reviver parameter is a function that can filter and transform the results. It receives each of the keys and values, and its return value is used instead of the original value. If it returns what it received, then the structure is not modified. If it returns undefined then the member is deleted. Example: // Parse the text. Values that look like ISO date strings will // be converted to Date objects. myData = JSON.parse(text, function (key, value) { var a; if (typeof value === 'string') { a = /^(\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})T(\d{2}):(\d{2}):(\d{2}(?:\.\d*)?)Z$/.exec(value); if (a) { return new Date(Date.UTC(+a[1], +a[2] - 1, +a[3], +a[4], +a[5], +a[6])); } } return value; }); myData = JSON.parse('["Date(09/09/2001)"]', function (key, value) { var d; if (typeof value === 'string' && value.slice(0, 5) === 'Date(' && value.slice(-1) === ')') { d = new Date(value.slice(5, -1)); if (d) { return d; } } return value; }); This is a reference implementation. You are free to copy, modify, or redistribute.

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