Spring的事务管理都是基于AOP,它可以通过编程实现,也可以通过配置的方法实现。
Spring为我们提供了一套用于事务控制的API。
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>5.2.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
- 为我们提供的PlatformTransactionmanager接口包含了常用的操作事务的方法,比如:获取事务、提交事务、回滚事务。
基于xml的声明式事务控制案例
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.mj</groupId>
<artifactId>day03_01account</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>5.2.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>5.2.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>5.2.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!--spring整合junit jar包x
需配合junit4.12以上的版本-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>5.2.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.19</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.13</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- AspectJ -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.8.7</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
持久层代码
package com.mj.dao;
import com.mj.domain.Account;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;
import java.util.List;
public class AccountDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements IAccountDao {
@Override
public void insertAccount(Account account) {
super.getJdbcTemplate().update("insert into account(name,money) values (?,?)",account.getName(),account.getMoney());
}
@Override
public void updateAccount(Account account ) {
super.getJdbcTemplate().update("update account set name=? ,money=? where id =?",account.getName(),account.getMoney(),account.getId());
}
@Override
public List<Account> findAllAccount() {
List<Account> accounts=super.getJdbcTemplate().query("select * from account",new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class));
return accounts;
}
@Override
public Account findAccountByName(String name) {
List<Account> accounts=super.getJdbcTemplate().query("select * from account where name=?",new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class),name);
return accounts.get(0);
}
}
服务层代码
package com.mj.service;
import com.mj.dao.IAccountDao;
import com.mj.domain.Account;
import java.util.List;
public class AccountService {
private IAccountDao accountDao;
public void setAccountDao(IAccountDao accountDao) {
this.accountDao = accountDao;
}
public List<Account> findAllAccount(){
return accountDao.findAllAccount();
}
public Account findAccountByName(String name){
return accountDao.findAccountByName(name);
};
public void transfer(String sourceName, String targetName, Integer tMoney) {
Account sourceA = accountDao.findAccountByName(sourceName);
Account targetA = accountDao.findAccountByName(targetName);
sourceA.setMoney(sourceA.getMoney() - tMoney);
targetA.setMoney(targetA.getMoney() + tMoney);
int i=1/0;//异常
accountDao.updateAccount(sourceA);
accountDao.updateAccount(targetA);
}
}
xml配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
https://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
https://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
<!-- 配置服务层对象 -->
<bean id="accountService" class="com.mj.service.AccountService">
<property name="accountDao" ref="accountDao"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置持久层对象 -->
<bean id="accountDao" class="com.mj.dao.AccountDaoImpl">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
</bean>
<!--配置数据源
set方法注入-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<!-- AbstractComboPooledDataSource类中的set方法-->
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mytest?serverTimezone=GMT"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="1234567890"/>
</bean>
<!-- spring中基于xml的声明式事务控制配置步骤
1. 配置事务管理器
2. 配置事务的通知
用标签tx:advice
属性:id:事务的通知的唯一标志
transaction-manager:给事务通知提供一个事务管理器引用
3.配置AOP的切入点表达式
4.配置切入点表达式与通知的对应关系
-->
<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
</bean>
<!--配置事务的通知 -->
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
<!--配置事务的属性
isolation=用于指定事务的隔离级别,默认值是DEFAULT,表示使用数据库默认的隔离级别
rollback-for=用于指定一个异常,遇到该异常时回滚,其他异常不回滚,默认表示任何异常都回滚
no-rollback-for=用于指定一个异常,遇到该异常时不回滚,其他异常回滚,默认表示任何异常都不回滚
propagation=表示指定事务的传播行为,默认值是REQUIRED,表示一定会有事务,适用于增删改,查询可以选择SUPPORTS
read-only=指定事务是否只读,只有查询方法才能设置为true。默认为false,表示读写。
timeout=表示事务的超时时间,默认为-1,表示无超时时间。单位为秒
-->
<tx:attributes>
<!-- 配置属性-->
<!--所有方法-->
<tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="false" />
<!--以find开头的方法开启只读-->
<tx:method name="find*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" />
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<!--配置AOP-->
<aop:config >
<aop:pointcut id="pt" expression="execution(* com.mj.service.*.*(..))"></aop:pointcut>
<!-- 配置切入点表达式与通知的对应关系-->
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="pt" ></aop:advisor>
</aop:config>
</beans>
测试案例
import com.mj.dao.AccountDaoImpl;
import com.mj.domain.Account;
import com.mj.service.AccountService;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:bean.xml")
public class AccountServiceTest {
@Autowired
public AccountService as;
@Test
public void transfer() {
//从鬼鬼的账户中向里里的账户存入一笔钱
ApplicationContext ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
AccountService as=ac.getBean("accountService",AccountService.class);
System.out.println(as.findAccountByName("里里"));
as.transfer("里里","鬼鬼",100);
}
}
基于注解的案例修改
持久层
package com.mj.dao;
import com.mj.domain.Account;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import java.util.List;
@Repository("accountdao")
public class AccountDaoImpl implements IAccountDao {
@Autowired
JdbcTemplate jt;
@Override
public void insertAccount(Account account) {
jt.update("insert into account(name,money) values (?,?)",account.getName(),account.getMoney());
}
@Override
public void updateAccount(Account account ) {
jt.update("update account set name=? ,money=? where id =?",account.getName(),account.getMoney(),account.getId());
}
@Override
public List<Account> findAllAccount() {
List<Account> accounts=jt.query("select * from account",new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class));
return accounts;
}
@Override
public Account findAccountByName(String name) {
List<Account> accounts=jt.query("select * from account where name=?",new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class),name);
return accounts.get(0);
}
}
配置类
Jdbc配置
package Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
public class JdbcConfig {
@Bean(name = "JdbcTemplate")
public JdbcTemplate createJdbcTemplate(DataSource dataSource){
return new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
}
@Bean("dataSource")
public DataSource createDataSource() {
DriverManagerDataSource ds = new DriverManagerDataSource();
ds.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
ds.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mytest?serverTimezone=GMT");
ds.setUsername("root");
ds.setPassword("1234567890");
return ds;
}
}
事务控制类配置
package Configuration;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
public class TxConfig {
@Bean(name = "txManager")
public PlatformTransactionManager createTx(@Qualifier("dataSource") DataSource dataSource){
return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource);
}
}
总配置
package Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;
@Configuration//声明当前类为配置类
@ComponentScan(basePackages="com.mj")//指明创建容器时扫描的包
@Import({JdbcConfig.class,TxConfig.class})//导入其他配置文件
@EnableTransactionManagement//开启事务支持
public class SpringTxConfiguration {
}
服务层
将要使用事务控制的方法标上@Transactional注解
观察以下源码可以发现@Transactional注解包含了隔离级别、超时、只读、回滚等的事务管理。
public @interface Transactional {
@AliasFor("transactionManager")
String value() default "";
@AliasFor("value")
String transactionManager() default "";
Propagation propagation() default Propagation.REQUIRED;
Isolation isolation() default Isolation.DEFAULT;
int timeout() default -1;
boolean readOnly() default false;
Class<? extends Throwable>[] rollbackFor() default {};
String[] rollbackForClassName() default {};
Class<? extends Throwable>[] noRollbackFor() default {};
String[] noRollbackForClassName() default {};
}
package com.mj.service;
import com.mj.dao.IAccountDao;
import com.mj.domain.Account;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import java.util.List;
@Service("accountService")
@Transactional(propagation =Propagation.SUPPORTS ,readOnly = true)
public class AccountService {
@Autowired
private IAccountDao accountDao;
public List<Account> findAllAccount(){
return accountDao.findAllAccount();
}
public Account findAccountByName(String name){
return accountDao.findAccountByName(name);
};
@Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED ,readOnly = false)
public void transfer(String sourceName, String targetName, Integer tMoney) {
Account sourceA = accountDao.findAccountByName(sourceName);
Account targetA = accountDao.findAccountByName(targetName);
sourceA.setMoney(sourceA.getMoney() - tMoney);
targetA.setMoney(targetA.getMoney() + tMoney);
accountDao.updateAccount(sourceA);
int i=1/0;//设置异常
accountDao.updateAccount(targetA);
}
}
测试代码
import Configuration.SpringTxConfiguration;
import com.mj.service.AccountService;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = SpringTxConfiguration.class)
public class AnnotationTest {
@Autowired
public AccountService as;
@Test
public void test(){
System.out.println(as.findAccountByName("里里"));
as.transfer("里里","鬼鬼",100);
}
}