C++语言学习笔记—郭新亮—20181013

2018年9月，我开始学习C++语言，并坚持每天进行练习。我需要在此做一些笔记。

任务：练习C++的输入与输出

主要代码如下：

#include<iostream>   //预处理命令，包含一个头文件 
#include<string>
#include<math.h>
#define PRICE 30   //宏定义，定义PRICE为30 ，为练习06做准备 
using namespace std;

	//调用max()函数，为练习03做准备 
double max(double x, double y)
{
	if (x>=y) return x;
	else return y;	
} 	

int main(){
	
		//编程01：练习字符型变量 
	string a = "Hello";
	string b = "World";
	string c;   //should be ""
		//print c the easy way
	c = a+ " ";
	cout << "c is:  " << c << endl;
		//print c the easy way
	c += b;
	cout << "c is: "<< c << endl;
		//print c the primitive way
	cout << "c is: " << c.c_str() << endl;
		//print c's length
	cout << "c's length is: " << c.length() << endl; 
	
		//print a empty line
	cout << endl;
	
		//print c character-by-character, making each character occupies one line
	cout<< "c is: "<< endl;
	for (int i=0; i<c.length(); i++)
		cout<< c[i] <<endl;
	
		//增加一个空行 
	cout << endl;
	
		//编程02，目的：求两个整数的和 
	int d, e;
	cout << "Enter two integers: ";
	cin >> d >> e;    //输入两个整数d和e 
	int result;
	result= d + e;
	cout <<"\n The sum of " <<d <<" + " << e <<" is " << result << " ." <<endl;
	
		//编程03：练习调用函数 
	/* 调用max()函数 ,需要在程序开头写好 
	double max(double x, double y)
	{
		if (x>=y) return x;
		else return y;	
	} 
	*/
	double f, g, h;
	cout<< "Input two numbers: " <<endl;
	cin >> f >>g;
	h= max(f, g);
	cout<< "The value of h is equal to " << h << endl;
	cout<< "The square root of h is: " <<sqrt(h) <<endl; 
	cout<< "\n";
	
		//编程04：字符型变量的初始化
	char c1, c2;
	c1= 'a';
	c2= 'A';
	cout<< c1 <<"\n";
	cout<< c2 <<"\n";
	cout<< "\n";
	
		//字符数据和整型数据之间的相互赋值
	int i, j;
	char k, l;
	i='a'; 	j='b';
	cout<< i <<" " <<j<< "\n";
	cout<< char(i)<<" " << char(j) <<"\n";   //强制类型转换 
	k=97; l=98;    //k和j虽然是字符型变量，但是我仍然可以拿小整数赋给它
	cout<< "\n";
	cout<< k << " " <<l <<"\n";
	cout<< int(k) <<" " << int(l)<< "\n";    //强制类型转换 
	cout<< "\n";
	k=i-32;
	l=j-32;
	cout<< k<< " " << l<< "\n";
	cout<< int(k) << " " << int(l)<< "\n";
	cout << "\n";
	i=i-32;
	j=j-32;
	cout<< i <<" "<< j<< "\n";
	cout<<i<<" "<< j<<" "<< k <<" "<<l<<"\n";
	cout<<char(i)<< " "<< char(j)<< " "<< k <<" "<< l<< "\n";
	cout<<i << " "<< j << " " << int(k)<< " "<< int(l)<< "\n";

		//编程05:练习枚举型数据
	cout<< "\n"; 
	enum color{red, green, blue	};   //red=0, green=1, blue=2;
	color paintbrush=red;      //定义一个color型变量，并赋值为red 
	if (paintbrush==0)      //判断:paintbrush==red
	cout<<"red paintbrush" <<"\n";
		
		//编程05：练习浮点型数据
		//浮点型数据float的有效数字为7位
	cout<< "\n" ;
	int num, total;
	float v, r, m;
	num=10;
	total=num* PRICE;   //total=300
	cout << total<< "\n";
	r=2.1; m=3.3; v=3.14159* r *r *m;  //求圆柱体积
	cout<< v <<"\n";   //45.7197,由于数据类型为float,单精度，仅保留7为有效数字 
		 
	return 0;
}